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Opioids and Viral Infections: A Double-Edged Sword Publisher



Tahamtan A1 ; Tavakoliyaraki M2 ; Mokhtariazad T1 ; Teymoorirad M1 ; Bont L3 ; Shokri F4 ; Salimi V1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
  4. 4. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Microbiology Published:2016


Abstract

Opioids and their receptors have received remarkable attention because they have the ability to alter immune function, which affects disease progression. In vitro and in vivo findings as well as observations in humans indicate that opioids and their receptors positively or negatively affect viral replication and virus-mediated pathology. The present study reviews recent insights in the role of opioids and their receptors in viral infections and discusses possible therapeutic opportunities. This review supports the emerging concept that opioids and their receptors have both favorable and unfavorable effects on viral disease, depending on the type of virus. Targeting of the opioid system is a potential option for developing effective therapies; however caution is required in relation to the beneficial functions of opioid systems. © 2016 Tahamtan, Tavakoli-Yaraki, Mokhtari-Azad, Teymoori-Rad, Bont, Shokri and Salimi.
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