Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Global, Regional and National Burden of Bladder Cancer and Its Attributable Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Publisher



Safiri S1, 4 ; Kolahi AA2, 5 ; Naghavi M3, 40 ; Nejadghaderi SA6, 7 ; Mansournia MA8 ; Sullman MJM9, 10 ; Almasihashiani A11 ; Sepidarkish M12, 13 ; Ashrafiasgarabad A14 ; Abdoli A15 ; Abugharbieh E16 ; Advani SM17, 18 ; Alahdab F19 ; Alipour V20, 21 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Safiri S1, 4
  2. Kolahi AA2, 5
  3. Naghavi M3, 40
  4. Nejadghaderi SA6, 7
  5. Mansournia MA8
  6. Sullman MJM9, 10
  7. Almasihashiani A11
  8. Sepidarkish M12, 13
  9. Ashrafiasgarabad A14
  10. Abdoli A15
  11. Abugharbieh E16
  12. Advani SM17, 18
  13. Alahdab F19
  14. Alipour V20, 21
  15. Amini E22
  16. Anbesu EW23
  17. Anderson JA3
  18. Arabloo J20
  19. Awedew AF24
  20. Baig AA25
  21. Bhagavathula AS26, 27
  22. Bijani A28
  23. Biondi A29
  24. Bjorge T30, 31
  25. Braithwaite D32, 33
  26. Caetano Dos Santos FL34
  27. Carreras G35
  28. Carvalho F36
  29. Chu DT37
  30. Compton K3
  31. Costa VM36
  32. Dai X3
  33. Dandona L3, 38, 39
  34. Dandona R3, 38, 40
  35. Molla MD41
  36. Desta AA42
  37. Dianatinasab M43, 44
  38. Ebrahimi H45, 46
  39. Eftekharzadeh S47
  40. El Sayed I48
  41. Eshrati B49
  42. Farzadfar F45
  43. Feleke BE50
  44. Fernandes E51
  45. Filip I52, 53
  46. Fomenkov AA54
  47. Gallus S55
  48. Ghafourifard M56
  49. Ghashghaee A20, 57
  50. Golechha M58
  51. Gonfa KB59
  52. Gorini G60
  53. Hafezinejad N61, 62
  54. Hamidi S63
  55. Harvey JD3
  56. Hassanipour S64, 65
  57. Hay SI3, 40
  58. Henrikson HJ66, 67
  59. Househ M68
  60. Ibitoye SE69
  61. Ilesanmi OS70, 71
  62. Ilic IM72
  63. Ilic MD73
  64. Joukar F64, 65
  65. Kumar GA38
  66. La Vecchia C74
  67. Ladiseyedian SS75, 76
  68. Lami FH77
  69. Landires I78, 79
  70. Li B80
  71. Lugo A55
  72. Majeed A81
  73. Malekzadeh R82, 83
  74. Mestrovic T84, 85
  75. Miazgowski B86
  76. Michalek IM88
  77. Moghadaszadeh M89, 90
  78. Mohamad O91
  79. Mohammadianhafshejani A92
  80. Mohammadpourhodki R93
  81. Mohammed S94, 95
  82. Mokdad AH3, 40
  83. Molokhia M96
  84. Monasta L97
  85. Moradzadeh R11
  86. Nabavizadeh B22
  87. Naimzada MD98, 99
  88. Nguyen CT100
  89. Nguyen HLT100
  90. Nikbakhsh R101
  91. Nowroozi MR102
  92. Nunezsamudio V103, 104
  93. Otstavnov SS98, 105
  94. Pham HQ106
  95. Pirestani M107
  96. Pottoo FH108
  97. Rabiee N109
  98. Radfar A110
  99. Rafiei A111, 112
  100. Rathi P113
  101. Rawaf DL114, 115
  102. Rawaf S81, 116
  103. Rezaei N117, 118
  104. Roberts NLS119
  105. Roshandel G120
  106. Samy AM121
  107. Sepanlou SG82, 83
  108. Sha F122
  109. Shaikh MA123
  110. Sheikhbahaei S61
  111. Malleshappa SKS124
  112. Singh JA125, 126
  113. Spurlock EE3
  114. Tadesse EG127
  115. Tefera YG128
  116. Tekalegn Y129
  117. Titova MV130, 131
  118. Topormadry R132, 133
  119. Traini E97, 134
  120. Tran BX135
  121. Tran KB136, 137
  122. Travillian RS3
  123. Vacante M29
  124. Xu R3
  125. Yeshitila YG138
  126. Zadnik V139
  127. Zamanian M11
  128. Zhang ZJ140
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  2. 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  4. 4. Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Health & Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
  10. 10. Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
  11. 11. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Royan Institution, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. Department of Epidemiology, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
  15. 15. Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  16. 16. Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  17. 17. Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  18. 18. School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  19. 19. Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  20. 20. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  21. 21. Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  22. 22. Department of Urology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  23. 23. Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
  24. 24. Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  25. 25. Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  26. 26. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
  27. 27. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  28. 28. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  29. 29. Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  30. 30. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  31. 31. Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
  32. 32. Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
  33. 33. Cancer Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
  34. 34. Institute of Microengineering, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
  35. 35. Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
  36. 36. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  37. 37. Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU-International School, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  38. 38. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  39. 39. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  40. 40. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  41. 41. Department of Biochemistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  42. 42. Department of Surgical Nursing, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  43. 43. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  44. 44. Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  45. 45. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  46. 46. Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  47. 47. Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  48. 48. Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  49. 49. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  50. 50. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  51. 51. Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  52. 52. Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, United States
  53. 53. School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, United States
  54. 54. Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  55. 55. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
  56. 56. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  57. 57. Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  58. 58. Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  59. 59. Department of Surgery, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  60. 60. Oncological Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
  61. 61. Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  62. 62. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  63. 63. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  64. 64. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  65. 65. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  66. 66. Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  67. 67. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  68. 68. College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
  69. 69. Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  70. 70. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  71. 71. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  72. 72. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  73. 73. Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  74. 74. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  75. 75. Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  76. 76. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  77. 77. Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  78. 78. Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  79. 79. Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  80. 80. Department of Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
  81. 81. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  82. 82. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  83. 83. Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  84. 84. Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  85. 85. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  86. 86. Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  87. 87. Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  88. 88. Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
  89. 89. Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  90. 90. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  91. 91. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  92. 92. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  93. 93. Department of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  94. 94. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  95. 95. Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  96. 96. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  97. 97. Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
  98. 98. Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
  99. 99. Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
  100. 100. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  101. 101. Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  102. 102. Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  103. 103. Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  104. 104. Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  105. 105. Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  106. 106. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  107. 107. Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  108. 108. Department of Pharmacology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  109. 109. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  110. 110. College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
  111. 111. Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  112. 112. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  113. 113. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  114. 114. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  115. 115. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  116. 116. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  117. 117. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  118. 118. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  119. 119. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
  120. 120. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (GRCGH), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  121. 121. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  122. 122. Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
  123. 123. Karachi, Pakistan
  124. 124. Department of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States
  125. 125. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  126. 126. Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, United States
  127. 127. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  128. 128. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  129. 129. Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  130. 130. K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
  131. 131. Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  132. 132. Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  133. 133. Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland
  134. 134. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  135. 135. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  136. 136. Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  137. 137. Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
  138. 138. Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  139. 139. Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Sector, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  140. 140. School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

Source: BMJ Global Health Published:2021


Abstract

Introduction The current study determined the level and trends associated with the incidence, death and disability rates for bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019, by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI; a composite measure of sociodemographic factors). Methods Various data sources from different countries, including vital registration and cancer registries were used to generate estimates. Mortality data and incidence data transformed to mortality estimates using the mortality to incidence ratio (MIR) were used in a cause of death ensemble model to estimate mortality. Mortality estimates were divided by the MIR to produce incidence estimates. Prevalence was calculated using incidence and MIR-based survival estimates. Age-specific mortality and standardised life expectancy were used to estimate years of life lost (YLLs). Prevalence was multiplied by disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs), while disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are the sum of the YLLs and YLDs. All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population. Results Globally, there were 524 000 bladder cancer incident cases (95% uncertainty interval 476 000 to 569 000) and 229 000 bladder cancer deaths (211 000 to 243 000) in 2019. Age-standardised death rate decreased by 15.7% (8.6 to 21.0), during the period 1990-2019. Bladder cancer accounted for 4.39 million (4.09 to 4.70) DALYs in 2019, and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased significantly by 18.6% (11.2 to 24.3) during the period 1990-2019. In 2019, Monaco had the highest age-standardised incidence rate (31.9 cases (23.3 to 56.9) per 100 000), while Lebanon had the highest age-standardised death rate (10.4 (8.1 to 13.7)). Cabo Verde had the highest increase in age-standardised incidence (284.2% (214.1 to 362.8)) and death rates (190.3% (139.3 to 251.1)) between 1990 and 2019. In 2019, the global age-standardised incidence and death rates were higher among males than females, across all age groups and peaked in the 95+ age group. Globally, 36.8% (28.5 to 44.0) of bladder cancer DALYs were attributable to smoking, more so in males than females (43.7% (34.0 to 51.8) vs 15.2% (10.9 to 19.4)). In addition, 9.1% (1.9 to 19.6) of the DALYs were attributable to elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (males 9.3% (1.6 to 20.9); females 8.4% (1.6 to 19.1)). Conclusions There was considerable variation in the burden of bladder cancer between countries during the period 1990-2019. Although there was a clear global decrease in the age-standardised death, and DALY rates, some countries experienced an increase in these rates. National policy makers should learn from these differences, and allocate resources for preventative measures, based on their country-specific estimates. In addition, smoking and elevated FPG play an important role in the burden of bladder cancer and need to be addressed with prevention programmes. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
Other Related Docs
42. The Epidemiology of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (2023)
45. Direct and Indirect Medical Costs of Bladder Cancer in Iran, Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation (2023)