Intraocular Pressure and Its Association With Ocular Biometrics in Iranian Children Publisher Pubmed



Hashemi H¹ ; Khabazkhoob M² ; Heydarian S^{3, 4} ; Emamian MH⁴ ; Fotouhi A⁵ Show Affiliations
Source: Journal of Optometry Published:2024

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the mean value and normative distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in children and their association with demographic and ocular biometrics. Methods: Cluster sampling was done to select the students in urban areas of Shahroud, northeast Iran, while all students living in rural areas were selected. IOP was measured in mmHg using a non-contact tonometer, along with corneal and retinal imaging and ocular biometric measurement. Results: After applying the exclusion criteria, 9154 eyes of 4580 students were analyzed, of whom 2377 (51.9 %) were boys. The mean age of the participants was 12.35±1.73 years (range: 9–15 years). The mean IOP was 15.58±2.83 (15.47–15.69) in total, 15.31±2.77 (15.17–15.46) in boys, and 15.88±2.86 (15.73–16.03) in girls (p < 0.001). The mean IOP was 15.07 and 15.49 in students aged 9 and 15 years, respectively. The mean IOP was 15.7 ± 2.64 (15.58–15.81) in urban and 14.52±4.05 (14.27–14.77) in rural students (p < 0.001). In the multiple generalized estimating equation model, IOP had a positive association with female sex (β=0.84, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (β=0.02, P < 0.001), cup volume (β=0.99, P < 0.001), corneal thickness (β=0.04, P < 0.001) and anterior chamber volume (β=0.007, P < 0.001) and a negative association with living in the rural area (β=−0.65, P < 0.001), rim area (β=−0.39, P < 0.001), and corneal diameter (β=−0.18, P = 0.045). Furthermore, individuals with myopia exhibited a significantly higher IOP (β=0.35, P < 0.001) compared to those with emmetropia. Conclusion: This study showed the normative distribution of IOP and its associated factors in children. The results can be used in diagnosis and management of glaucoma. © 2024 Spanish General Council of Optometry