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The Effects of Annual Sz Drug on Dynamic Changes in Lymphocytes and Cytokines of Covid-19 Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Publisher Pubmed



Soltaninejad E1 ; Mohammad Hassan Z1 ; Yekaninejad MS2 ; Hassaniazad M3 ; Barahimi E3 ; Samiei A4, 5 ; Ebtekar M1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  4. 4. Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  5. 5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Source: International Immunopharmacology Published:2024


Abstract

Background: The search for a potent anti-coronavirus therapy has remained an overwhelming task since the outbreak of COVID-19. Annual SZ is a novel formulation of artemisinin and its derivatives. We aim to investigate the effect of Annual SZ on clinical outcomes, cellular immune responses, and cytokine changes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study included 80 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, which were randomly allocated into two groups (intervention and control). Both groups received standard supportive treatment. In addition, the intervention group (n = 40) received Annual SZ syrup, and the control group (n = 40) received a placebo. Dynamic changes in lymphocytes, cytokines, and clinical status were evaluated since hospital admission to 7 and 14 days after treatment. Results: The dynamic count of total T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) in the Annual SZ group was significantly higher than the placebo group (p < 0.05). In addition, Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) was significantly increased in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the placebo group compared with the Annual SZ group (p < 0.05). Also, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.9). Moreover, IL-6 levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were not statistically different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This research indicated that the Annual SZ syrup significantly improved clinical status and lymphocyte frequency with less exhaustion of T lymphocytes and a reduction of inflammatory responses, which seems to be beneficial in the treatment process of COVID-19 patients. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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