Burden of Risk Factors Attributable to Alzheimer’S Disease and Other Dementia and Its Relationship With the Socio-Demographic Index in Asia Publisher Pubmed



K Sheikhi KAZHAAL ; V Momenabadi VICTORIA ; S Khosravi SAMAN ; A Souri AMIRHUOSEEN ; E Goodarzi ELHAM
Source: BMC Neurology Published:2025

Abstract

Background: Dementia is an increasingly significant public health challenge worldwide, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most prevalent form of dementia. The objective of this study was burden of risk factors attributable to Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia and its relationship with the Socio-Demographic Index in Asian countries. Methods: The present study is a population-based study. The 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study dataset for countries in the Asian continent was used in this study. Age-standardized rate (ASR) for incidence, mortality, prevalence, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY), Years of Life Lost (YLL), Years Lived with Disability (YLD) and Annual Percentage Change (APC) were considered by gender and country. We assessed the trend for all index from 2010 to 2021. In addition, the association between socio-demographic index (SDI) and Alzheimer’s disease incidence and prevalnce was calculated using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The results indicated that the number and ASR of four indicators (incidence, prevalence, mortality, DALY, YLL, and YLD) from 1990 to 2021 were higher for women than for men. Metabolic risks and high fasting plasma glucose emerged as the primary risk factors for all four indicators. The percentage change in the risk factor associated with smoking for all four indicators decreased from 1990 to 2021, while the most significant increase was observed in the percentage change related to high body mass index. Additionally, the results demonstrated a positive and significant correlation between the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) (r = 0.284, p = 0.04) as well as Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) (r = 0.281, p = 0.01). Conclusion: According to the reported results, the burden of disease remains high in most countries. To alleviate this burden, it is essential to prioritize women and the elderly, and to implement more effective prevention and treatment measures. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.