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The Relationship Between Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Phenotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Representative Sample of Iranian Industrial Employees Publisher Pubmed



Roohafza H1 ; Feizi A2 ; Tirani SA3 ; Golpourhamedani S3 ; Nasab SJ4 ; Sarrafzadegan N5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders Published:2024


Abstract

Background and Aim: There is limited evidence to support the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic phenotypes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of dietary patterns with metabolic phenotypes among a large sample of Iranian industrial employees. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,063 employees of Esfahan Steel Company, Iran. Using exploratory factor analysis, major dietary patterns were obtained from a validated short form of food frequency questionnaire. The metabolic phenotypes were defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The independent-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, χ2 test, and multivariable logistic regression were applied to analyze data. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: the Western dietary pattern, the healthy dietary pattern, and the traditional dietary pattern. After controlling for potential confounders, subjects in the highest tertile of Western dietary pattern score had a higher odds ratio (OR) for metabolically healthy obese (MHO; OR 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-1.94), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.08-3.45), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) phenotypes (OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.05-4.03) than those in the lowest tertile. Also, higher adherence to traditional dietary pattern was positively associated with a higher risk of MHO (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.56-2.34) and MUHO phenotypes (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.69-3.22) in the final model. Conclusion: There were significant associations between dietary patterns and metabolic phenotypes, suggesting the necessity of nutritional interventions in industrial employees to improve metabolic phenotype, health outcomes, and, therefore, job productivity in the workforce population. © 2024, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.
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