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The Bacterial Biofilm Resistome in Drinking Water Distribution Systems: A Systematic Review Publisher Pubmed



Gholipour S1 ; Shamsizadeh Z2 ; Gwenzi W3, 4 ; Nikaeen M1, 5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
  3. 3. Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Steinstraße 19, Witzenhausen, D-37213, Germany
  4. 4. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, D-14469, Germany
  5. 5. Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Chemosphere Published:2023


Abstract

Antibiotic resistance in drinking water systems poses human health risks. Earlier studies, including reviews on antibiotic resistance in drinking water systems are limited to the occurrence, behaviour and fate in bulk raw water and drinking water treatment systems. By comparison, reviews on the bacterial biofilm resistome in drinking water distribution systems are still limited. Therefore, the present systematic review investigates the occurrence, behaviour and fate and, detection methods of bacterial biofilm resistome in the drinking water distribution systems. A total of 12 original articles drawn from 10 countries were retrieved and analyzed. Antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes detected in biofilms include those for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and beta-lactamase. The genera detected in biofilms include Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Mycobacteria, as well as Enterobacteriaceae family and other gram-negative bacteria. The presence of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE bacteria) among the detected bacteria points to potential human exposure and health risks especially for susceptible individuals via the consumption of drinking water. Besides, the effects of water quality parameter and residual chlorine, the physico-chemical factors controlling the emergence, persistence and fate of the biofilm resistome are still poorly understood. Culture-based methods, and molecular methods, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The limited data on the bacterial biofilm resistome in drinking water distribution system points to the need for further research. To this end, future research directions are discussed including understanding the formation, behaviour, and fate of the resistome and the controlling factors. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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