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The Role of Nanodimensions in Enhancing Electrochemical Sensing: A Comprehensive Review Publisher



Jalali M1 ; Hosseinihosseinabad SM2 ; Siavash Moakhar R3 ; Jalali M1 ; Mirzaei M4 ; Sharma S5, 7 ; Sanati A4 ; Sadat Mahshid S6 ; Kumar Mishra Y5 ; Mahshid S3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Polymer Engineering, Polytechnique (Amir Kabir) University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  4. 4. Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Smart Materials, NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sonderborg, 6400, Denmark
  6. 6. Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
  7. 7. Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Prayagraj, 211012, India

Source: Chemical Engineering Journal Published:2024


Abstract

Catalytic sensing of molecular biomarkers has become increasingly important in health monitoring and point-of-care diagnostics due to their promising properties. To develop technology for catalytic sensing of molecular biomarkers, financial and environmental sustainability must be considered. Small-molecule biomarkers play a crucial role in numerous physiological processes and are commonly utilized for disease detection by monitoring cell signaling, bioprocesses, cell viability, metabolomics, and pharmacokinetics. Nanostructured materials with varied dimensions have been extensively utilized in molecular sensing, capitalizing on their enhanced electrocatalytic activities. As a result of significant advancements in materials and fabrication technologies, novel nanostructured platforms have been developed in various shapes to accommodate various analytes of interest. The nanostructured platforms can be divided into four main categories based on their dimensionality, including nanoparticles or zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterials. Each category of nanomaterials has demonstrated numerous advantages for electrocatalytic sensing due to their extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio and fast electron-hole transfer routes. Still, the existing disadvantages, such as their volatility to chemicals and wetness, hinder their widespread applications in sensing. Despite their advantages, challenges such as susceptibility to chemicals and wetness hinder their widespread use in sensing applications. Recently, the integration of multiscale nanocompositions, particularly 2D functional materials, has drawn attention for enhancing electrocatalytic activity. Our innovative outlook in this review involves integrating multiscale nano compositions, particularly 2D functional materials and fractal nanostructures, to enhance catalytic and electrocatalytic activities. These advancements will drive significant progress in the field of biosensing, offering new solutions for complex diagnostic challenges. © 2024 The Authors
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