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The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Publisher Pubmed



Da Cunha AR1 ; Compton K2 ; Xu R2, 3 ; Mishra R4 ; Drangsholt MT4, 5 ; Antunes JLF1 ; Kerr AR6 ; Acheson AR2 ; Lu D2 ; Wallace LE2 ; Kocarnik JM2 ; Fu W2 ; Dean FE2, 7 ; Pennini A2 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Da Cunha AR1
  2. Compton K2
  3. Xu R2, 3
  4. Mishra R4
  5. Drangsholt MT4, 5
  6. Antunes JLF1
  7. Kerr AR6
  8. Acheson AR2
  9. Lu D2
  10. Wallace LE2
  11. Kocarnik JM2
  12. Fu W2
  13. Dean FE2, 7
  14. Pennini A2
  15. Henrikson HJ2, 8
  16. Alam T2
  17. Ababneh E9
  18. Abdelsalam S10
  19. Abdoun M11
  20. Abidi H12
  21. Abubaker Ali H13
  22. Abugharbieh E14
  23. Adane TD15
  24. Addo IY16, 17
  25. Ahmad A18
  26. Ahmad S19
  27. Ahmed Rashid T20
  28. Akonde M21
  29. Al Hamad H22, 23
  30. Alahdab F24
  31. Alimohamadi Y25
  32. Alipour V26, 27
  33. Almaweri SA28
  34. Alsharif U29
  35. Ansarimoghaddam A30
  36. Anwar SL31
  37. Anyasodor AE32
  38. Arabloo J26
  39. Aravkin AY2, 33, 34
  40. Aruleba RT35
  41. Asaad M36
  42. Ashraf T37
  43. Athari SS38
  44. Attia S39
  45. Azadnajafabad S40
  46. Azangoukhyavy M40, 41
  47. Badar M42
  48. Baghcheghi N43
  49. Banach M44, 45
  50. Bardhan M46, 47
  51. Barqawi HJ14
  52. Bashir NZ48
  53. Bashiri A49
  54. Benzian H50
  55. Bernabe E51
  56. Bhagat DS52
  57. Bhojaraja VS53
  58. Bjorge T54, 55
  59. Bouaoud S56, 57
  60. Braithwaite D58, 59
  61. Briko NI60
  62. Calina D61
  63. Carreras G62
  64. Chakraborty PA63
  65. Chattu VK64, 65
  66. Chaurasia A66
  67. Chen MX67
  68. Cho WCS68
  69. Chu DT69
  70. Chukwu IS70
  71. Chung E2
  72. Cruzmartins N71, 72
  73. Dadras O54, 73
  74. Dai X2, 34
  75. Dandona L2, 74, 75
  76. Dandona R2, 34, 74
  77. Daneshpajouhnejad P76, 77
  78. Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R78
  79. Darwesh AM79
  80. Debela SA80
  81. Derbew Molla M81
  82. Dessalegn FN82
  83. Dianatinasab M83, 84
  84. Digesa LE85
  85. Dixit SG86
  86. Dixit A87
  87. Djalalinia S88
  88. El Sayed I89
  89. El Tantawi M90
  90. Enyew DB91
  91. Erku DA92
  92. Ezzeddini R93
  93. Fagbamigbe AF94, 95
  94. Falzone L96, 97
  95. Fetensa G98
  96. Fukumoto T99
  97. Gaewkhiew P100, 101
  98. Gallus S102
  99. Gebrehiwot M103
  100. Ghashghaee A104
  101. Gill PS105
  102. Golechha M106
  103. Goleij P107
  104. Gomez RS108
  105. Gorini G109
  106. Guimaraes ALS110
  107. Gupta B111
  108. Gupta S112
  109. Gupta VB113
  110. Gupta VK114
  111. Hajmirzaian A115, 116
  112. Halboub ES117, 118
  113. Halwani R14, 119
  114. Hanif A120
  115. Hariyani N121, 122
  116. Harorani M123
  117. Hasani H124
  118. Hassan AM36
  119. Hassanipour S125, 126
  120. Hassen MB2, 127
  121. Hay SI2, 34
  122. Hayat K128, 129
  123. Herreraserna BY130
  124. Holla R131
  125. Horita N132, 133
  126. Hosseinzadeh M134, 135
  127. Hussain S136, 137
  128. Ilesanmi OS138, 139
  129. Ilic IM140
  130. Ilic MD141
  131. Isola G142
  132. Jaiswal A143
  133. Jani CT144
  134. Javaheri T145
  135. Jayarajah U146, 147
  136. Jayaram S148
  137. Joseph N149
  138. Kadashetti V150
  139. Kandaswamy E151
  140. Karanth SD152
  141. Karaye IM153
  142. Kauppila JH154, 155
  143. Kaur H74
  144. Keykhaei M40, 156
  145. Khader YS157
  146. Khajuria H158
  147. Khanali J40, 41
  148. Khatib MN159
  149. Khayat Kashani HR160
  150. Khazeei Tabari MA161, 162
  151. Kim MS163, 164
  152. Kompani F165
  153. Koohestani HR166
  154. Kumar GA74
  155. Kurmi OP167, 168
  156. La Vecchia C169
  157. Lal DK74
  158. Landires I170, 171
  159. Lasrado S172
  160. Ledda C173
  161. Lee YH174
  162. Libra M97
  163. Lim SS2, 34
  164. Listl S175, 176
  165. Lopukhov PD60
  166. Mafi AR177
  167. Mahumud RA178
  168. Malik AA120, 179
  169. Mathur MR180, 181
  170. Maulud SQ182
  171. Meena JK183
  172. Mehrabi Nasab E184
  173. Mestrovic T2, 185
  174. Mirfakhraie R186
  175. Misganaw A34, 187
  176. Misra S188
  177. Mithra P149
  178. Mohammad Y189
  179. Mohammadi M190
  180. Mohammadi E192
  181. Mokdad AH2, 34
  182. Moni MA193
  183. Moraga P194
  184. Morrison SD195
  185. Mozaffari HR196
  186. Mubarik S197
  187. Murray CJL2, 34
  188. Nair TS198
  189. Narasimha Swamy S199
  190. Narayana AI200
  191. Nassereldine H2
  192. Natto ZS201, 202
  193. Nayak BP158
  194. Negru SM203
  195. Nggada HA204, 205
  196. Nouraei H206
  197. Nunezsamudio V207, 208
  198. Oancea B209
  199. Olagunju AT210, 211
  200. Omar Bali A212
  201. Padronmonedero A213
  202. Padubidri JR214
  203. Pandey A74
  204. Pardhan S215
  205. Patel J216, 217
  206. Pezzani R218, 219
  207. Piracha ZZ220
  208. Rabiee N221, 222
  209. Radhakrishnan V223
  210. Radhakrishnan RA200
  211. Rahmani AM224
  212. Rahmanian V225
  213. Rao CR226
  214. Rao SJ227
  215. Rath GK228
  216. Rawaf DL229, 230
  217. Rawaf S231, 232
  218. Rawassizadeh R233
  219. Razeghinia MS234, 235
  220. Rezaei N40
  221. Rezaei N40
  222. Rezaei N40
  223. Rezapour A26
  224. Riad A239, 240
  225. Roberts TJ241, 242
  226. Romerorodriguez E243
  227. Roshandel G244
  228. Manjula S245
  229. Chandan SN245
  230. Saddik B246
  231. Saeb MR247
  232. Saeed U220, 248
  233. Safaei M249
  234. Sahebazzamani M250, 251
  235. Sahebkar A252, 253
  236. Salek Farrokhi A254
  237. Samy AM255, 256
  238. Santricmilicevic MM140, 257
  239. Sathian B22, 258
  240. Satpathy M259, 260
  241. Sekerija M261, 262
  242. Senthilkumaran S263
  243. Seylani A264
  244. Shafaat O265, 266
  245. Shahsavari HR267
  246. Shamsoddin E268, 269
  247. Sharew MM270
  248. Sharifirad J271
  249. Shetty JK272
  250. Shivakumar KM273
  251. Shobeiri P192, 274
  252. Shorofi SA275, 276
  253. Shrestha S277
  254. Siddappa Malleshappa SK278
  255. Singh P279
  256. Singh JA280, 281
  257. Singh G282, 283
  258. Sinha DN284, 285
  259. Solomon Y286
  260. Suleman M287, 288
  261. Suliankatchi Abdulkader R289
  262. Taheri Abkenar Y290
  263. Talaat IM14, 291
  264. Tan KK292
  265. Tbakhi A293
  266. Thiyagarajan A294
  267. Tiyuri A295, 296
  268. Tovanipalone MR297, 298
  269. Unnikrishnan B299
  270. Vo B300
  271. Volovat SR301, 302
  272. Wang C303
  273. Westerman R304
  274. Wickramasinghe ND305
  275. Xiao H306, 307
  276. Yu C197
  277. Yuce D308
  278. Yunusa I309
  279. Zadnik V310
  280. Zare I311
  281. Zhang ZJ312
  282. Zoladl M313
  283. Force LM2, 34, 314
  284. Hugo FN315
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  2. 2. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  3. 3. Department of Data and Tooling, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, United States
  4. 4. Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  5. 5. Oral Medicine Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  6. 6. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
  7. 7. Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, United States
  8. 8. Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  9. 9. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  10. 10. Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
  11. 11. Department of Medicine, University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria
  12. 12. Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Banking and Finance, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  14. 14. Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  15. 15. Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  16. 16. Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  17. 17. Quality and Systems Performance Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  18. 18. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
  19. 19. Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
  20. 20. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq
  21. 21. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States
  22. 22. Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  23. 23. Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  24. 24. Evidence-Based Practice Center Program, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  25. 25. Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  26. 26. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  27. 27. Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  28. 28. College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
  29. 29. Dortmund Clinic, Dortmund, Germany
  30. 30. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  31. 31. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  32. 32. School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
  33. 33. Department of Applied Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  34. 34. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  35. 35. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  36. 36. Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Houston, United States
  37. 37. University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  38. 38. Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  39. 39. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
  40. 40. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  41. 41. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  42. 42. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  43. 43. Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  44. 44. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  45. 45. Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  46. 46. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
  47. 47. Department of Molecular Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  48. 48. School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
  49. 49. Health Information Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  50. 50. Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
  51. 51. Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  52. 52. Department of Forensic Chemistry, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, India
  53. 53. Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical, University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
  54. 54. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  55. 55. Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
  56. 56. Department of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  57. 57. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria
  58. 58. Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
  59. 59. Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, United States
  60. 60. Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  61. 61. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
  62. 62. Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
  63. 63. School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  64. 64. Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India
  65. 65. Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
  66. 66. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
  67. 67. Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  68. 68. Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  69. 69. Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  70. 70. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria
  71. 71. Department of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Technologies, Polytechnic and University Higher Education Cooperative, Gandra, Portugal
  72. 72. Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  73. 73. Section Global Health and Rehabilitation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
  74. 74. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  75. 75. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  76. 76. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  77. 77. Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  78. 78. Environmental Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  79. 79. Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  80. 80. School of Public Health, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia
  81. 81. Department of Biochemistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  82. 82. Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
  83. 83. Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
  84. 84. Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  85. 85. Department of Comprehensive Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  86. 86. Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  87. 87. Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  88. 88. Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  89. 89. Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  90. 90. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  91. 91. Department of Health Informatics, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  92. 92. Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
  93. 93. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  94. 94. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  95. 95. The Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  96. 96. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Cancer Institute IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
  97. 97. Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  98. 98. Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  99. 99. Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  100. 100. Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
  101. 101. Population and Patient Health Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  102. 102. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
  103. 103. Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  104. 104. School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  105. 105. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  106. 106. Department of Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  107. 107. Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  108. 108. Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  109. 109. Oncological Network, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
  110. 110. School of Dentistry, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil
  111. 111. Department of Public Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  112. 112. Toxicology Department, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India
  113. 113. School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
  114. 114. Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  115. 115. Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  116. 116. Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  117. 117. College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  118. 118. School of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
  119. 119. College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  120. 120. University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  121. 121. Department of Dental Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
  122. 122. Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  123. 123. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  124. 124. Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  125. 125. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  126. 126. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  127. 127. National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  128. 128. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  129. 129. Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xi'An Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  130. 130. Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Autonomous University of Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
  131. 131. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  132. 132. Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
  133. 133. National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  134. 134. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  135. 135. Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  136. 136. Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
  137. 137. Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
  138. 138. Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  139. 139. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  140. 140. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  141. 141. Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  142. 142. Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  143. 143. Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  144. 144. Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
  145. 145. Health Informatics Lab, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  146. 146. Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  147. 147. Department of Surgery, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  148. 148. Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India
  149. 149. Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  150. 150. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Karad, India
  151. 151. Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States
  152. 152. University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, United States
  153. 153. School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
  154. 154. Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
  155. 155. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  156. 156. Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  157. 157. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  158. 158. Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
  159. 159. Global Consortium for Public Health Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, India
  160. 160. Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  161. 161. Department of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  162. 162. MAZUMS Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
  163. 163. Department of Genomics and Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Seoul, South Korea
  164. 164. Public Health Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Wando, South Korea
  165. 165. Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  166. 166. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  167. 167. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
  168. 168. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  169. 169. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  170. 170. Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  171. 171. Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  172. 172. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  173. 173. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  174. 174. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  175. 175. Department of Dentistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  176. 176. Department of Translational Health Economics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
  177. 177. Department of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  178. 178. NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  179. 179. Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  180. 180. Department of Health Policy Research, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  181. 181. Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  182. 182. Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
  183. 183. Department of Preventive Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  184. 184. Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  185. 185. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  186. 186. Department of Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  187. 187. National Data Management Center for Health, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  188. 188. Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  189. 189. Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  190. 190. Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
  191. 191. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  192. 192. Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  193. 193. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  194. 194. Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  195. 195. Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  196. 196. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  197. 197. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  198. 198. Health Workforce Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
  199. 199. Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College, Mysore, India
  200. 200. Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  201. 201. Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  202. 202. Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  203. 203. Department of Oncology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
  204. 204. Department of Histopathology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
  205. 205. Department of Human Pathology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
  206. 206. Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  207. 207. Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  208. 208. Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  209. 209. Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  210. 210. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  211. 211. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  212. 212. Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  213. 213. National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
  214. 214. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  215. 215. Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  216. 216. Global Health Governance Programme, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  217. 217. School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
  218. 218. Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
  219. 219. Associazione Italiana Ricerca Oncologica di Base (AIROB), Padova, Italy
  220. 220. International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
  221. 221. School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  222. 222. Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
  223. 223. Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
  224. 224. Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
  225. 225. Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
  226. 226. Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  227. 227. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, India
  228. 228. Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  229. 229. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  230. 230. Inovus Medical, St Helens, United Kingdom
  231. 231. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  232. 232. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  233. 233. Department of Computer Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  234. 234. Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
  235. 235. Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  236. 236. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  237. 237. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  238. 238. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  239. 239. Department of Public Health, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
  240. 240. Czech National Centre for Evidence based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
  241. 241. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
  242. 242. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  243. 243. Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care (GICEAP), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
  244. 244. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  245. 245. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
  246. 246. Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  247. 247. Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
  248. 248. Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Foundation University School of Health Sciences (FUSH), Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  249. 249. Advanced Dental Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  250. 250. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  251. 251. Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
  252. 252. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  253. 253. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  254. 254. Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  255. 255. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  256. 256. Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MARSI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  257. 257. School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  258. 258. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  259. 259. UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
  260. 260. Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India
  261. 261. Department of Medical Statistics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
  262. 262. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
  263. 263. Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India
  264. 264. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
  265. 265. Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  266. 266. Department of Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  267. 267. Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
  268. 268. Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  269. 269. Non-Communicable Diseases Committee, National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran
  270. 270. Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  271. 271. Faculty of Medicine, University of Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
  272. 272. Department of Biochemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
  273. 273. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Karad, India
  274. 274. Department of International Studies, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  275. 275. Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nasibeh School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  276. 276. College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  277. 277. School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  278. 278. Department of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States
  279. 279. Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
  280. 280. Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
  281. 281. Department of Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, United States
  282. 282. Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
  283. 283. Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  284. 284. Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
  285. 285. Department of Epidemiology, Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mumbai, India
  286. 286. Department of Nursing, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  287. 287. Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
  288. 288. School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
  289. 289. National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
  290. 290. Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
  291. 291. Pathology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  292. 292. Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  293. 293. Department of Cell Therapy and Applied Genomics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
  294. 294. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
  295. 295. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  296. 296. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  297. 297. Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
  298. 298. Modestum Ltd, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
  299. 299. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  300. 300. Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  301. 301. Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T Popa Iasi, Iasi, Romania
  302. 302. Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
  303. 303. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
  304. 304. Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  305. 305. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
  306. 306. School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
  307. 307. Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  308. 308. Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
  309. 309. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States
  310. 310. Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Sector, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  311. 311. Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran
  312. 312. School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  313. 313. Department of Nursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  314. 314. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  315. 315. Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Source: JAMA Oncology Published:2023


Abstract

Importance: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. Objective: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. Evidence Review: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. Findings: In 2019, 370000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338000-401000) cases and 199000 (95% UI, 181000-217000) deaths for LOC and 167000 (95% UI, 153000-180000) cases and 114000 (95% UI, 103000-126000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia. Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts. © 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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