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Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Obesity in Otherwise Healthy Adults: Role of Age and Sex Publisher Pubmed



Karimbeiki R1, 2 ; Alipoor E3 ; Yaseri M4 ; Shivappa N5, 6 ; Hebert JR5, 6 ; Hosseinzadehattar MJ2, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
  6. 6. Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, United States
  7. 7. Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Journal of Clinical Practice Published:2021


Abstract

Aim: The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) can estimate the overall inflammatory potential of diet. This study aimed to assess the association between DII score and other diet quality parameters with weight status among normal weight, overweight and obese otherwise healthy adults. Methods: This retrospective observational study investigated DII, energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM), dietary energy density (DED) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) scores, based on a valid 168-item food frequency questionnaire, in 100 normal weight, 100 overweight and 100 obese healthy adults (age > 18yr). Results: Normal-weight participants had higher DII scores than obese participants (mean difference (MD): 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.004 − 1.33, P =.048). Body mass index (BMI) had an effect on DII score after adjusting for age (P =.03). A statistically significant interaction was observed between BMI and age on E-DII (P =.03) and MAR (P =.004). E-DII scores were lower (more anti-inflammatory) and MAR was higher with increasing age in the obese compared with normal-weight participants. Additionally, male participants had higher DII (MD: −0.53, 95% CI: −0.97 − −0.09, P =.02), E-DII (MD: −0.76, 95% CI: −1.12 − −0.35, P <.001), DED (MD: −0.09, 95% CI: −0.15 − −0.03, P =.004) and lower MAR (MD: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02 − 0.06, P =.001), after adjusting for BMI. Obesity (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26 − 0.91, P =.02) and DED (AOR =5.81, 95% CI: 2.28 − 14.81, P <.001) were the most important factors associated with high DII. Conclusions: This study showed that having a normal body weight is not necessarily indicative of less inflammatory potential of diet and better diet quality. Male sex and increasing age were important determinants of diet quality across BMI subgroups. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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