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Estimating Global Injuries Morbidity and Mortality: Methods and Data Used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study Publisher Pubmed



James SL1 ; Castle CD1 ; Dingels ZV1 ; Fox JT1 ; Hamilton EB1 ; Liu Z1 ; Roberts NLS1 ; Sylte DO1 ; Bertolacci GJ1 ; Cunningham M1 ; Henry NJ1 ; Legrand KE1 ; Abdelalim A2 ; Abdollahpour I3 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. James SL1
  2. Castle CD1
  3. Dingels ZV1
  4. Fox JT1
  5. Hamilton EB1
  6. Liu Z1
  7. Roberts NLS1
  8. Sylte DO1
  9. Bertolacci GJ1
  10. Cunningham M1
  11. Henry NJ1
  12. Legrand KE1
  13. Abdelalim A2
  14. Abdollahpour I3
  15. Abdulkader RS4
  16. Abedi A5
  17. Abegaz KH6, 7
  18. Abosetugn AE8
  19. Abushouk AI9
  20. Adebayo OM10
  21. Adsuar JC11
  22. Advani SM12, 13
  23. Agudelobotero M14
  24. Ahmad T15, 16
  25. Ahmed MB17
  26. Ahmed R18, 19
  27. Aichour MTE20
  28. Alahdab F21
  29. Alanezi FM22
  30. Alema NM23
  31. Alemu BW24, 25
  32. Alghnam SA26
  33. Ali BA27
  34. Ali S28
  35. Alinia C29
  36. Alipour V30, 31
  37. Aljunid SM32, 33
  38. Almasihashiani A34
  39. Almasri NA35
  40. Altirkawi K36
  41. Amer YSA37, 38
  42. Andrei CL39
  43. Ansarimoghaddam A40
  44. Antonio CAT41, 42
  45. Anvari D43, 44
  46. Appiah SCY45, 46
  47. Arabloo J30
  48. Arabzozani M47
  49. Arefi Z48
  50. Aremu O49
  51. Ariani F50
  52. Arora A51, 52
  53. Asaad M53
  54. Quintanilla BPA54, 55
  55. Ayano G56
  56. Ayanore MA57
  57. Azarian G58
  58. Badawi A59, 60
  59. Badiye AD61
  60. Baig AA62, 63
  61. Bairwa M64, 65
  62. Bakhtiari A66
  63. Balachandran A67, 68
  64. Banach M69, 70
  65. Banerjee SK71
  66. Banik PC72
  67. Banstola A73
  68. Barkercollo SL74
  69. Barnighausen TW75, 76
  70. Barzegar A77
  71. Bayati M78
  72. Bazarganhejazi S79, 80
  73. Bedi N81, 82
  74. Behzadifar M83
  75. Belete H84
  76. Bennett DA85
  77. Bensenor IM86
  78. Berhe K87
  79. Bhagavathula AS88, 89
  80. Bhardwaj P90, 91
  81. Bhat AG92
  82. Bhattacharyya K93, 94
  83. Bhutta ZA95, 96
  84. Bibi S97
  85. Bijani A98
  86. Boloor A99
  87. Borges G100
  88. Borschmann R101, 102
  89. Borzi AM103
  90. Boufous S104
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  92. Briko NI106
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  94. Budhathoki SS108
  95. Car J109, 110
  96. Cardenas R111
  97. Carvalho F112
  98. Castaldellimaia JM113
  99. Castanedaorjuela CA114, 115
  100. Castelpietra G116, 117
  101. Catalalopez F118, 119
  102. Cerin E120, 121
  103. Chandan JS122
  104. Chapman JR123
  105. Chattu VK124
  106. Chattu SK125
  107. Chatziralli I126, 127
  108. Chaudhary N128, 129
  109. Cho DY130
  110. Choi JYJ131
  111. Chowdhury MAK132, 133
  112. Christopher DJ134
  113. Chu DT135
  114. Cicuttini FM136
  115. Coelho JM137
  116. Costa VM112
  117. Dahlawi SMA138
  118. Daryani A139
  119. Davilacervantes CA140
  120. De Leo D141
  121. Demeke FM142
  122. Demoz GT143, 144
  123. Demsie DG23
  124. Deribe K145, 146
  125. Desai R147
  126. Nasab MD148
  127. Da Silva DD149
  128. Forooshani ZSD150
  129. Do HT151
  130. Doyle KE152
  131. Driscoll TR153
  132. Dubljanin E154
  133. Adema BD155, 156
  134. Eagan AW157, 158
  135. Elemineh DA159
  136. Eljaafary SI2
  137. Elkhatib Z160, 161
  138. Ellingsen CL162, 163
  139. El Sayedzaki M164
  140. Eskandarieh S165
  141. Eyawo O166, 167
  142. Faris PS168, 169
  143. Faro A170
  144. Farzadfar F171
  145. Fereshtehnejad SM172, 173
  146. Fernandes E174
  147. Ferrara P175
  148. Fischer F176
  149. Folayan MO177
  150. Fomenkov AA178
  151. Foroutan M179
  152. Francis JM180
  153. Franklin RC181, 182
  154. Fukumoto T183, 184
  155. Geberemariyam BS185
  156. Gebremariam H87
  157. Gebremedhin KB186
  158. Gebremeskel LG143, 187
  159. Gebremeskel GG188, 189
  160. Gebremichael B190
  161. Gedefaw GA191, 192
  162. Geta B193
  163. Getenet AB194
  164. Ghafourifard M195
  165. Ghamari F196
  166. Gheshlagh RG197
  167. Gholamian A198, 199
  168. Gilani SA200, 201
  169. Gill TK202
  170. Goudarzian AH203
  171. Goulart AC204, 205
  172. Grada A206
  173. Grivna M207
  174. Guimaraes RA208
  175. Guo Y136, 209
  176. Gupta G210
  177. Haagsma JA211
  178. Hall BJ212
  179. Hamadeh RR213
  180. Hamidi S214
  181. Handiso DW185
  182. Haro JM215, 216
  183. Hasanzadeh A217, 218
  184. Hassan S219
  185. Hassanipour S220
  186. Hassankhani H222, 223
  187. Hassen HY224, 225
  188. Havmoeller R226
  189. Hendrie D56
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  191. Hijar M228, 229
  192. Ho HC230
  193. Hoang CL231
  194. Hole MK232
  195. Holla R233
  196. Hossain N234, 235
  197. Hosseinzadeh M236, 237
  198. Hostiuc S238, 239
  199. Hu G240
  200. Ibitoye SE241
  201. Ilesanmi OS242
  202. Inbaraj LR243
  203. Irvani SSN244
  204. Islam MM245
  205. Islam SMS246, 247
  206. Ivers RQ248
  207. Jahani MA249
  208. Jakovljevic M250
  209. Jalilian F251
  210. Jayaraman S252
  211. Jayatilleke AU253, 254
  212. Jha RP255
  213. Johnakinola YO256
  214. Jonas JB257, 258
  215. Jones KM259
  216. Joseph N260
  217. Joukar F220
  218. Jozwiak JJ261
  219. Jungari SB262
  220. Jurisson M263
  221. Kabir A264
  222. Kahsay A87
  223. Kalankesh LR265
  224. Kalhor R266, 267
  225. Kamil TA268
  226. Kanchan T269
  227. Kapoor N61
  228. Karami M270
  229. Kasaeian A271, 272
  230. Kassaye HG23
  231. Kavetskyy T273, 274
  232. Kayode GA275, 276
  233. Keiyoro PN277
  234. Kelbore AG278
  235. Khader YS279
  236. Khafaie MA280
  237. Khalid N281
  238. Khalil IA282
  239. Khalilov R283
  240. Khan M284
  241. Khan EA285
  242. Khan J286
  243. Khanna T287, 288
  244. Khazaei S270
  245. Khazaie H289
  246. Khundkar R290
  247. Kiirithio DN291
  248. Kim YE292
  249. Kim YJ293
  250. Kim D294
  251. Kisa S295
  252. Kisa A296
  253. Komaki H297, 298
  254. Kondlahalli SKM299
  255. Koolivand A300
  256. Korshunov VA106
  257. Koyanagi A301, 302
  258. Kraemer MUG303, 304
  259. Krishan K305
  260. Defo BK306, 307
  261. Bicer BK308, 309
  262. Kugbey N310, 311
  263. Kumar N312
  264. Kumar M313, 314
  265. Kumar V315
  266. Kumar N312
  267. Kumaresh G317
  268. Lami FH318
  269. Lansingh VC319, 320
  270. Lasrado S321
  271. Latifi A322
  272. Lauriola P323
  273. Vecchia CL324
  274. Leasher JL325
  275. Lee SWH326, 327
  276. Li S136
  277. Liu X328
  278. Lopez AD1, 102, 329
  279. Lotufo PA330
  280. Lyons RA331
  281. Machado DB332, 333
  282. Madadin M334
  283. Abd El Razek MM335
  284. Mahotra NB336
  285. Majdan M337
  286. Majeed A338
  287. Maled V339, 340
  288. Malta DC341
  289. Manafi N342, 343
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  291. Manda AL345
  292. Manjunatha N346
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  294. Mansournia MA347
  295. Maravilla JC348
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  298. Massenburg BB130
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  300. Mehndiratta MM353, 354
  301. Melketsedik ZA194
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  303. Mendoza W356
  304. Menezes RG357
  305. Mengesha MM358
  306. Meretoja TJ359, 360
  307. Meretoja A361, 362
  308. Merie HE363
  309. Mestrovic T364, 365
  310. Miazgowski B366
  311. Miazgowski T368
  312. Miller TR56, 369
  313. Mini GK370, 371
  314. Mirica A372, 373
  315. Mirrakhimov EM374, 375
  316. Mirzaeialavijeh M251
  317. Mithra P260
  318. Moazen B376, 377
  319. Moghadaszadeh M378, 379
  320. Mohamadi E380
  321. Mohammad Y381
  322. Darwesh AM382
  323. Mohammadianhafshejani A383
  324. Mohammadpourhodki R384
  325. Mohammed S75, 385
  326. Mohammed JA386
  327. Mohebi F171, 387
  328. Bandpei MAM388
  329. Molokhia M389
  330. Monasta L390
  331. Moodley Y391
  332. Moradi M392
  333. Moradi G394, 395
  334. Moradilakeh M396
  335. Moradzadeh R34
  336. Morawska L397
  337. Velasquez IM398
  338. Morrison SD130
  339. Mossie TB399
  340. Muluneh AG400
  341. Musa KI401
  342. Mustafa G402, 403
  343. Naderi M404
  344. Nagarajan AJ405, 406
  345. Naik G407
  346. Naimzada MD408, 409
  347. Najaf F410
  348. Nangia V411
  349. Nascimento BR412
  350. Naserbakht M413, 414
  351. Nayak V415
  352. Nazari J416, 417
  353. Ndwandwe DE418
  354. Negoi I419, 420
  355. Ngunjiri JW421
  356. Nguyen TH231
  357. Nguyen CT422
  358. Nguyen DN423, 424
  359. Nguyen HLT422
  360. Nikbakhsh R425, 426
  361. Ningrum DNA427, 428
  362. Nnaji CA418, 429
  363. Oforiasenso R430, 431
  364. Ogbo FA432
  365. Oghenetega OB433
  366. Oh IH434
  367. Olagunju AT435, 436
  368. Olagunju TO437
  369. Bali AO438
  370. Onwujekwe OE439
  371. Orpana HM440, 441
  372. Ota E442
  373. Otstavnov N408, 443
  374. Otstavnov SS408, 444
  375. Mahesh AP445
  376. Padubidri JR446
  377. Pakhale S447
  378. Pakshir K448
  379. Pandajonas S449
  380. Park EK450
  381. Patel SK451, 452
  382. Pathak A453, 454
  383. Pati S455
  384. Paulos K456
  385. Peden AE182, 457
  386. Pepito VCF458
  387. Pereira J459
  388. Phillips MR460, 461
  389. Polibin RV462
  390. Polinder S211
  391. Pourmalek F463
  392. Pourshams A464
  393. Poustchi H464
  394. Prakash S465
  395. Pribadi DRA466
  396. Puri P286
  397. Syed ZQ91
  398. Rabiee N467
  399. Rabiee M468
  400. Radfar A469, 470
  401. Rafay A471
  402. Rafee A472
  403. Rafei A473, 474
  404. Rahim F475, 476
  405. Rahimi S477
  406. Rahman MA478, 479
  407. Rajabpoursanati A480
  408. Rajati F392
  409. Rakovac I481
  410. Rao SJ482
  411. Rashedi V483
  412. Rastogi P446
  413. Rathi P233
  414. Rawaf S338, 484
  415. Rawal L485
  416. Rawassizadeh R486
  417. Renjith V487
  418. Resnikoff S488, 489
  419. Rezapour A30
  420. Ribeiro AI490
  421. Rickard J491, 492
  422. Gonzalez CMR493, 494
  423. Roever L495
  424. Ronfani L390
  425. Roshandel G464, 496
  426. Saddik B497
  427. Safarpour H498
  428. Safdarian M499, 500
  429. Sajadi SM501
  430. Salamati P500
  431. Salem MRR502
  432. Salem H503
  433. Salz I504
  434. Samy AM505
  435. Sanabria J506, 507
  436. Riera LS508, 509
  437. Milicevic MMS510, 511
  438. Sarker AR512
  439. Sarveazad A513
  440. Sathian B514, 515
  441. Sawhney M516
  442. Sayyah M517
  443. Schwebel DC518
  444. Seedat S519
  445. Senthilkumaran S520
  446. Seyedmousavi S521
  447. Sha F522
  448. Shaahmadi F523
  449. Shahabi S524
  450. Shaikh MA525
  451. Shamsbeyranvand M526
  452. Sheikh A527, 528
  453. Shigematsu M529
  454. Shin JI530, 531
  455. Shiri R532
  456. Siabani S533, 534
  457. Sigfusdottir ID535, 536
  458. Singh JA537, 538
  459. Singh PK539
  460. Sinha DN540, 541
  461. Soheili A542, 543
  462. Soriano JB544, 545
  463. Sorrie MB546
  464. Soyiri IN547, 548
  465. Stokes MA549
  466. Sufiyan MB550
  467. Sykes BL551
  468. Tabaresseisdedos R552, 553
  469. Tabb KM554
  470. Taddele BW555
  471. Tefera YM556, 557
  472. Tehranibanihashemi A396, 558
  473. Tekulu GH559
  474. Tesema AKT560
  475. Tesfay BE561
  476. Thapar R312
  477. Titova MV178, 562
  478. Tlaye KG563
  479. Tohidinik HR347, 564
  480. Topormadry R565, 566
  481. Tran KB567, 568
  482. Tran BX569
  483. Tripathy JP90
  484. Tsai AC570, 571
  485. Tsatsakis A572
  486. Car LT573
  487. Ullah I574, 575
  488. Ullah S97
  489. Unnikrishnan B260
  490. Upadhyay E576
  491. Uthman OA577
  492. Valdez PR578, 579
  493. Vasankari TJ580
  494. Veisani Y581
  495. Venketasubramanian N582, 583
  496. Violante FS584, 585
  497. Vlassov V586
  498. Waheed Y587
  499. Wang YP113
  500. Wiangkham T588
  501. Wolde HF400
  502. Woldeyes DH589
  503. Wondmeneh TG386
  504. Wondmieneh AB186, 590
  505. Wu AM591
  506. Wyper GMA592
  507. Yadav R286
  508. Yadollahpour A593
  509. Yano Y594
  510. Yaya S595
  511. Yazdifeyzabadi V596, 597
  512. Ye P598
  513. Yip P599, 600
  514. Yisma E601
  515. Yonemoto N602
  516. Yoon SJ292
  517. Youm Y603
  518. Younis MZ604, 605
  519. Yousef Z606, 607
  520. Yu C608, 609
  521. Yu Y610
  522. Moghadam TZ30, 611
  523. Zaidi Z612
  524. Zaman SB132, 613
  525. Zamani M614
  526. Zandian H611, 615
  527. Zarei F616
  528. Zhang ZJ617
  529. Zhang Y618, 619
  530. Ziapour A533
  531. Zodpey S620
  532. Dandona R1, 329, 621
  533. Dharmaratne SD1, 329, 622
  534. Hay SI1, 329
  535. Mokdad AH1, 329
  536. Pigott DM1, 329
  537. Reiner RC1, 329
  538. Vos T1, 329
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  3. 3. Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  5. 5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  6. 6. Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  7. 7. Radiotherapy Center, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  8. 8. Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  9. 9. Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Egypt
  10. 10. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
  11. 11. Sport Science Department, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
  12. 12. Social Behavioral Research Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  13. 13. Cancer Prevention and Control, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  14. 14. School of Medicine, Center for Politics, Population and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  15. 15. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University Nanjing, Nanjing, China
  16. 16. Microbiology Department, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
  17. 17. Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  18. 18. James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  19. 19. Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  20. 20. Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria
  21. 21. Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  22. 22. Department of Computer Sciences, Imam Abdulrehman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  23. 23. Department of Pharmacy, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  24. 24. Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  25. 25. Midwifery Department, Arba Minch University, Injbara, Ethiopia
  26. 26. Department of Population Health Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  27. 27. Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
  28. 28. Department of Information Systems, College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
  29. 29. Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  30. 30. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  31. 31. Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  32. 32. Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
  33. 33. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
  34. 34. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  35. 35. Physiotherapy Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
  36. 36. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  37. 37. Clinical Practice Guidelines Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  38. 38. Alexandria Center for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  39. 39. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  40. 40. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan, Iran
  41. 41. Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  42. 42. Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  43. 43. Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  44. 44. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
  45. 45. Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  46. 46. Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
  47. 47. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  48. 48. Department of Health Promotion and Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  49. 49. School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  50. 50. Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases, Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, Florence, Italy
  51. 51. School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  52. 52. Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  53. 53. Plastic Surgery Department, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
  54. 54. Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  55. 55. General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru
  56. 56. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  57. 57. Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  58. 58. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  59. 59. Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
  60. 60. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  61. 61. Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
  62. 62. Biochemistry Unit, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  63. 63. School of Health Sciences, Univeristi Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  64. 64. Institute of Health Management Research, Indian Institute of Health Management Research University, Jaipur, India
  65. 65. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  66. 66. Health Policy and Management Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  67. 67. Department of Demography, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  68. 68. Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bengaluru, India
  69. 69. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  70. 70. Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  71. 71. School of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  72. 72. Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  73. 73. Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City, Nepal
  74. 74. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  75. 75. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  76. 76. T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  77. 77. Occupational Health Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  78. 78. Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  79. 79. Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  80. 80. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  81. 81. Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India
  82. 82. Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  83. 83. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  84. 84. Psychiatry Department, Bahir Dar University, Bhair Dar, Ethiopia
  85. 85. Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  86. 86. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  87. 87. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  88. 88. Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  89. 89. Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
  90. 90. Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
  91. 91. Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
  92. 92. Internal Medicine Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, United States
  93. 93. Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
  94. 94. Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
  95. 95. Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  96. 96. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  97. 97. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  98. 98. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  99. 99. Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  100. 100. Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Reseach, Ramon de la Fuente Muniz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
  101. 101. Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  102. 102. School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  103. 103. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  104. 104. Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  105. 105. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  106. 106. Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  107. 107. Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  108. 108. Research Department, Golden Community, Kathmandu, Nepal
  109. 109. Centre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
  110. 110. Global eHealth Unit, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  111. 111. Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  112. 112. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  113. 113. Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  114. 114. Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
  115. 115. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  116. 116. Primary Care Services Area, Central Health Directorate, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Italy
  117. 117. Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
  118. 118. National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
  119. 119. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  120. 120. Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  121. 121. School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  122. 122. Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  123. 123. Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Brain and Spine Specialists, Seattle, WA, United States
  124. 124. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  125. 125. Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana
  126. 126. 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
  127. 127. Ophthalmology Independent Consultant, Athens, Greece
  128. 128. Pediatrics Department, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  129. 129. Neonatology Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
  130. 130. Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  131. 131. Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
  132. 132. Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  133. 133. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
  134. 134. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India
  135. 135. Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  136. 136. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  137. 137. Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, Servico de Oftalmologia, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  138. 138. Department of Environmental Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  139. 139. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  140. 140. Population and Development, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  141. 141. Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
  142. 142. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  143. 143. School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  144. 144. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  145. 145. Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  146. 146. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  147. 147. Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
  148. 148. Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  149. 149. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  150. 150. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  151. 151. Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  152. 152. School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
  153. 153. Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  154. 154. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  155. 155. Public Health Department, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  156. 156. Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  157. 157. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  158. 158. Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
  159. 159. Department of Statistics, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  160. 160. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  161. 161. World Health Programme, Universite du Quebec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
  162. 162. Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
  163. 163. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
  164. 164. Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  165. 165. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  166. 166. Epidemiology and Population Health, York University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  167. 167. Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
  168. 168. Biology Department, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  169. 169. Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  170. 170. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
  171. 171. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  172. 172. Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  173. 173. Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  174. 174. REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  175. 175. Research Centre on Public Health (CESP), University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
  176. 176. Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  177. 177. Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  178. 178. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
  179. 179. Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  180. 180. Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  181. 181. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University Douglas, QLD, Australia
  182. 182. Royal Life Saving Society, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  183. 183. Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  184. 184. Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  185. 185. Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  186. 186. Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  187. 187. Pharmacy Department, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  188. 188. Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  189. 189. Department of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  190. 190. Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  191. 191. Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  192. 192. Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  193. 193. Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  194. 194. Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  195. 195. Department of Medical Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  196. 196. Occupational Health Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  197. 197. Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  198. 198. Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  199. 199. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
  200. 200. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  201. 201. Chairman BOG, Afro-Asian Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
  202. 202. Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  203. 203. Nursing and Midwifery Department, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  204. 204. Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  205. 205. Internal Medicine Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  206. 206. Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  207. 207. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  208. 208. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Publica, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
  209. 209. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
  210. 210. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), World Health Organization (WHO), New Delhi, India
  211. 211. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  212. 212. Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, University of Macau, Macao
  213. 213. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  214. 214. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  215. 215. Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
  216. 216. Research and Development Unit, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  217. 217. Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  218. 218. Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  219. 219. Centre for International Health and Section for Ethics and Health Economics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  220. 220. Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  221. 221. Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  222. 222. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  223. 223. Independent Consultant, Tabriz, Iran
  224. 224. Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
  225. 225. Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
  226. 226. Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
  227. 227. Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  228. 228. Research Coordination, AC Environments Foundation, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  229. 229. CISS, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  230. 230. Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  231. 231. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  232. 232. Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, United States
  233. 233. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  234. 234. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  235. 235. Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited, Tangail, Bangladesh
  236. 236. Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  237. 237. Computer Science Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  238. 238. Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  239. 239. Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
  240. 240. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China
  241. 241. Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  242. 242. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  243. 243. Department of Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India
  244. 244. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  245. 245. School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  246. 246. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  247. 247. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  248. 248. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  249. 249. Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  250. 250. Department for Health Care and Public Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  251. 251. Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  252. 252. Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
  253. 253. Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  254. 254. Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  255. 255. Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
  256. 256. Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  257. 257. Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  258. 258. Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
  259. 259. Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
  260. 260. Community Medicine Department, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  261. 261. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  262. 262. School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
  263. 263. Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  264. 264. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  265. 265. Department of Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  266. 266. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  267. 267. Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  268. 268. School of Public Health, Department of Health informatics and Health Innovation, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  269. 269. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  270. 270. Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  271. 271. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  272. 272. Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  273. 273. Department of Applied Physics, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
  274. 274. Department of Biology and Chemistry, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine
  275. 275. International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
  276. 276. Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  277. 277. Open, Distance and eLearning Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  278. 278. Department of Dermatology, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  279. 279. Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  280. 280. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  281. 281. School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  282. 282. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  283. 283. Department of Physiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
  284. 284. Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  285. 285. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  286. 286. Department of Population Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  287. 287. Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  288. 288. Centre for Ethics, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
  289. 289. Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  290. 290. Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  291. 291. Research and Data Solutions, Synotech Consultant, Nairobi, Kenya
  292. 292. Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  293. 293. School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  294. 294. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  295. 295. Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  296. 296. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  297. 297. Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  298. 298. Brain Engineering Research Center, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  299. 299. Public Health Dentistry Department, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University, Karad, India
  300. 300. Environmental Health Engineering, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  301. 301. CIBERSAM, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  302. 302. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
  303. 303. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  304. 304. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  305. 305. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  306. 306. Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  307. 307. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  308. 308. Department of Public Health, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
  309. 309. Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  310. 310. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  311. 311. Department of Psychology and Health Promotion, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  312. 312. Community Medicine Department, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  313. 313. Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  314. 314. Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  315. 315. Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  316. 316. Orthopaedics Department, Base Hospital Lucknow Cantt, Lucknow, India
  317. 317. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
  318. 318. Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  319. 319. HelpMeSee, New York, NY, United States
  320. 320. International Relations, Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico
  321. 321. Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  322. 322. Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  323. 323. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
  324. 324. Clinical Medicine and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
  325. 325. College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
  326. 326. School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
  327. 327. School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
  328. 328. Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  329. 329. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  330. 330. Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  331. 331. Health Data Research UK, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
  332. 332. Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge, FIOCRUZ: Cidacs Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge, Salvador, Brazil
  333. 333. Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
  334. 334. Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  335. 335. Ophthalmology Department, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
  336. 336. Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
  337. 337. Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
  338. 338. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  339. 339. Health Education and Research Department, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
  340. 340. Health University, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
  341. 341. Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  342. 342. Ophthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  343. 343. Ophthalmology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  344. 344. Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  345. 345. Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  346. 346. Psychiatry Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
  347. 347. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  348. 348. Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  349. 349. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
  350. 350. Department of Midwifery-Reproductive Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  351. 351. Research Department, George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
  352. 352. School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  353. 353. Neurology Department, Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society, New Delhi, India
  354. 354. Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
  355. 355. Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
  356. 356. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
  357. 357. Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  358. 358. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  359. 359. Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  360. 360. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  361. 361. Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  362. 362. School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  363. 363. Statistics Department, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  364. 364. Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  365. 365. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  366. 366. Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  367. 367. Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  368. 368. Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  369. 369. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  370. 370. Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
  371. 371. Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH), Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Centre, Trivandrum, India
  372. 372. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  373. 373. President's Office, National Institute of Statistics, Bucharest, Romania
  374. 374. Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  375. 375. Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  376. 376. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  377. 377. Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
  378. 378. Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  379. 379. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  380. 380. Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  381. 381. Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  382. 382. Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  383. 383. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekord, Iran
  384. 384. Department of Nursing, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  385. 385. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  386. 386. Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
  387. 387. Iran National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  388. 388. Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  389. 389. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  390. 390. Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
  391. 391. Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  392. 392. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  393. 393. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  394. 394. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  395. 395. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  396. 396. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  397. 397. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  398. 398. Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
  399. 399. Department of Psychiatry, Badhir Dar University, Ethiopia
  400. 400. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  401. 401. School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
  402. 402. Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
  403. 403. Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother and Child Care, Multan, Pakistan
  404. 404. Clinical Research Development Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  405. 405. Research and Analytics, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
  406. 406. Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
  407. 407. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  408. 408. Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
  409. 409. Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kursk, Russian Federation
  410. 410. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  411. 411. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  412. 412. Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  413. 413. Mental Health Research Center, IUMS, Tehran, Iran
  414. 414. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, IUMS, Tehran, Iran
  415. 415. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  416. 416. Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  417. 417. Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  418. 418. Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  419. 419. Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  420. 420. Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  421. 421. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
  422. 422. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  423. 423. Project of ADB, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  424. 424. Industrial Management Department, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  425. 425. Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  426. 426. Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
  427. 427. Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
  428. 428. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
  429. 429. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  430. 430. Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  431. 431. Independent Consultant, Accra, Ghana
  432. 432. UCIBIO, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  433. 433. Reproductive Health Sciences, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  434. 434. Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea
  435. 435. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  436. 436. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  437. 437. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  438. 438. Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  439. 439. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  440. 440. Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  441. 441. School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  442. 442. Department of Global Health Nursing, St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Japan
  443. 443. Academic Department, Unium Ltd, Moscow, Russian Federation
  444. 444. Department of Project Management, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  445. 445. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
  446. 446. Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  447. 447. Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  448. 448. Parasitology and Mycology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  449. 449. Augenpraxis Jonas, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  450. 450. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
  451. 451. Research and Evaluation Department, Population Council, New Delhi, India
  452. 452. Indian Institute of Health Management Research University, Jaipur, India
  453. 453. Department of Pediatircs, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
  454. 454. Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  455. 455. Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, India
  456. 456. Department of Midwifery, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  457. 457. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  458. 458. Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines
  459. 459. Department of Orthopedics, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, India
  460. 460. Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
  461. 461. Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  462. 462. Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Sechenon University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  463. 463. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  464. 464. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  465. 465. Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  466. 466. Health Sciences Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
  467. 467. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  468. 468. Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  469. 469. College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
  470. 470. College of Graduate Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, United States
  471. 471. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  472. 472. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
  473. 473. Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  474. 474. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  475. 475. Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  476. 476. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  477. 477. Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  478. 478. School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
  479. 479. School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  480. 480. Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  481. 481. European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO), Moscow, Russian Federation
  482. 482. Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
  483. 483. School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Tehran, Iran
  484. 484. Academic Public Health Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  485. 485. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  486. 486. Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, United States
  487. 487. Neurology Department, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
  488. 488. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  489. 489. Organization for the Prevention of Blindness, Paris, France
  490. 490. EPIUnit, Public Health Institute University Porto (ISPUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  491. 491. Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  492. 492. Surgery Department, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
  493. 493. Research Directorate, Nihon Gakko University, Fernando de la Mora, Paraguay
  494. 494. Research Direction, Universidad Nacional de Caaguazu, Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay
  495. 495. Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
  496. 496. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  497. 497. College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  498. 498. Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  499. 499. Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  500. 500. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  501. 501. Nanobiotechnology Center, Soran University, Soran, Iraq
  502. 502. Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  503. 503. Urology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  504. 504. Health and Disability Intelligence Group, Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand
  505. 505. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  506. 506. Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  507. 507. Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  508. 508. Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
  509. 509. Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Syndey, NSW, Australia
  510. 510. Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  511. 511. Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  512. 512. Health Economics, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  513. 513. Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  514. 514. Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  515. 515. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  516. 516. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
  517. 517. Education Development Center, Faculty Member of Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  518. 518. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  519. 519. Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  520. 520. Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India
  521. 521. Microbiology Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  522. 522. Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
  523. 523. Department of Health Promotion and Education, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  524. 524. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  525. 525. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  526. 526. School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  527. 527. Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  528. 528. Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  529. 529. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
  530. 530. College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea
  531. 531. Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  532. 532. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
  533. 533. Department of Health Education and Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  534. 534. School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  535. 535. Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
  536. 536. Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
  537. 537. Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  538. 538. Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, United States
  539. 539. Department of Forensic Medicine, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
  540. 540. Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
  541. 541. Department of Epidemiology, Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mumbai, India
  542. 542. Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  543. 543. Emergency Nursing Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  544. 544. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  545. 545. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
  546. 546. Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  547. 547. Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City, United Kingdom
  548. 548. Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  549. 549. Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  550. 550. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  551. 551. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
  552. 552. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  553. 553. Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
  554. 554. School of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
  555. 555. Public Health, Arba Minch College of Health Sciences, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  556. 556. School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  557. 557. Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  558. 558. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  559. 559. Department of Pharmacognosy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  560. 560. Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  561. 561. Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  562. 562. Biology Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  563. 563. Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  564. 564. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  565. 565. Institute of Public Health, Krakow, Poland
  566. 566. Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warszawa, Poland
  567. 567. Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  568. 568. Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  569. 569. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  570. 570. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  571. 571. Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
  572. 572. Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
  573. 573. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
  574. 574. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  575. 575. TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  576. 576. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
  577. 577. Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  578. 578. Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  579. 579. Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  580. 580. UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
  581. 581. Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  582. 582. Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
  583. 583. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  584. 584. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  585. 585. Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  586. 586. Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  587. 587. Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  588. 588. Department of Physical Therapy, Naresuan University, Meung District, Thailand
  589. 589. Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  590. 590. Department of Nursing, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  591. 591. Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
  592. 592. Public Health Science Directorate, NHS Health Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  593. 593. Medical Physics Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  594. 594. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  595. 595. School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  596. 596. Health Services Management Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  597. 597. Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  598. 598. Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health Improvement, National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
  599. 599. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  600. 600. Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  601. 601. School of Allied Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  602. 602. Department of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
  603. 603. Department of Sociology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  604. 604. Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  605. 605. School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  606. 606. Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  607. 607. Environmental Health, Academy of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
  608. 608. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  609. 609. Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  610. 610. School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
  611. 611. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
  612. 612. Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  613. 613. Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  614. 614. Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  615. 615. Department of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
  616. 616. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  617. 617. Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  618. 618. School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  619. 619. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  620. 620. Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  621. 621. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  622. 622. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Source: Injury Prevention Published:2020


Abstract

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC B Y. Published by BMJ.
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