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Global Injury Morbidity and Mortality From 1990 to 2017: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Publisher Pubmed



James SL1 ; Castle CD1 ; Dingels ZV1 ; Fox JT1 ; Hamilton EB1 ; Liu Z1 ; Roberts NLS1 ; Sylte DO1 ; Henry NJ1 ; Legrand KE1 ; Abdelalim A2 ; Abdoli A3 ; Abdollahpour I4 ; Abdulkader RS5 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. James SL1
  2. Castle CD1
  3. Dingels ZV1
  4. Fox JT1
  5. Hamilton EB1
  6. Liu Z1
  7. Roberts NLS1
  8. Sylte DO1
  9. Henry NJ1
  10. Legrand KE1
  11. Abdelalim A2
  12. Abdoli A3
  13. Abdollahpour I4
  14. Abdulkader RS5
  15. Abedi A6
  16. Abosetugn AE7
  17. Abushouk AI8
  18. Adebayo OM9
  19. Agudelobotero M10
  20. Ahmad T11, 12
  21. Ahmed R13, 14
  22. Ahmed MB15
  23. Aichour MTE16
  24. Alahdab F17
  25. Alamene GM18
  26. Alanezi FM19
  27. Alebel A20
  28. Alema NM21
  29. Alghnam SA22
  30. Alhajj S23, 24
  31. Ali BA25, 26
  32. Ali S27
  33. Alikhani M28
  34. Alinia C29
  35. Alipour V30, 31
  36. Aljunid SM32, 33
  37. Almasihashiani A34
  38. Almasri NA35
  39. Altirkawi K36
  40. Amer YSA37, 38
  41. Amini S39
  42. Amit AML40, 41
  43. Andrei CL42
  44. Ansarimoghaddam A43
  45. Antonio CAT44, 45
  46. Appiah SCY46, 47
  47. Arabloo J30
  48. Arabzozani M48
  49. Arefi Z49
  50. Aremu O50
  51. Ariani F51
  52. Arora A52, 53
  53. Asaad M54
  54. Asghari B55
  55. Awoke N56
  56. Quintanilla BPA57, 58
  57. Ayano G59
  58. Ayanore MA60
  59. Azari S30
  60. Azarian G61
  61. Badawi A62, 63
  62. Badiye AD64
  63. Bagli E65, 66
  64. Baig AA67, 68
  65. Bairwa M69, 70
  66. Bakhtiari A71
  67. Balachandran A72, 73
  68. Banach M74, 75
  69. Banerjee SK76
  70. Banik PC77
  71. Banstola A78
  72. Barkercollo SL79
  73. Barnighausen TW80, 81
  74. Barrero LH82
  75. Barzegar A83
  76. Bayati M84
  77. Baye BA85
  78. Bedi N86, 87
  79. Behzadifar M88
  80. Bekuma TT89
  81. Belete H90
  82. Benjet C91
  83. Bennett DA92
  84. Bensenor IM93
  85. Berhe K94
  86. Bhardwaj P95, 96
  87. Bhat AG97
  88. Bhattacharyya K98, 99
  89. Bibi S100
  90. Bijani A101
  91. Sayeed MSB102, 103
  92. Borges G91
  93. Borzi AM104
  94. Boufous S105
  95. Brazinova A106
  96. Briko NI107
  97. Budhathoki SS108
  98. Car J109, 110
  99. Cardenas R111
  100. Carvalho F112
  101. Castaldellimaia JM113
  102. Castanedaorjuela CA114, 115
  103. Castelpietra G116, 117
  104. Catalalopez F118, 119
  105. Cerin E120, 121
  106. Chandan JS122
  107. Chanie WF123
  108. Chattu SK124
  109. Chattu VK125
  110. Chatziralli I126, 127
  111. Chaudhary N128, 129
  112. Cho DY130
  113. Chowdhury MAK131, 132
  114. Chu DT133
  115. Colquhoun SM134
  116. Constantin MM135, 136
  117. Costa VM112
  118. Damiani G137, 138
  119. Daryani A139
  120. Davilacervantes CA140
  121. Demeke FM141
  122. Demis AB142, 143
  123. Demoz GT144, 145
  124. Demsie DG21
  125. Derakhshani A146
  126. Deribe K147, 148
  127. Desai R149
  128. Nasab MD150
  129. Dias Da Silva D151
  130. Forooshani ZSD152
  131. Doyle KE153
  132. Driscoll TR154
  133. Dubljanin E155
  134. Adema BD156, 157
  135. Eagan AW158, 159
  136. Eftekhari A160, 161
  137. Ehsanichimeh E162
  138. El Sayed Zaki M163
  139. Elemineh DA164
  140. Eljaafary SI2
  141. Elkhatib Z165, 166
  142. Ellingsen CL167, 168
  143. Emamian MH169
  144. Endalew DA170
  145. Eskandarieh S171
  146. Faris PS172, 173
  147. Faro A174
  148. Farzadfar F175
  149. Fatahi Y176
  150. Fekadu W90, 177
  151. Ferede TY178
  152. Fereshtehnejad SM179, 180
  153. Fernandes E181
  154. Ferrara P182
  155. Feyissa GT183
  156. Filip I184, 185
  157. Fischer F186
  158. Folayan MO187
  159. Foroutan M188
  160. Francis JM189
  161. Franklin RC190, 191
  162. Fukumoto T192, 193
  163. Geberemariyam BS194
  164. Gebre AK195
  165. Gebremedhin KB196
  166. Gebremeskel GG197, 198
  167. Gebremichael B199
  168. Gedefaw GA200, 201
  169. Geta B202
  170. Ghafourifard M203
  171. Ghamari F204
  172. Ghashghaee A205
  173. Gholamian A206, 207
  174. Gill TK208
  175. Goulart AC93, 209
  176. Grada A210
  177. Grivna M211
  178. Gubari MIM212
  179. Guimaraes RA213
  180. Guo Y214, 215
  181. Gupta G216
  182. Haagsma JA217
  183. Hafezinejad N218, 219
  184. Bidgoli HH220
  185. Hall BJ221
  186. Hamadeh RR222
  187. Hamidi S223
  188. Haro JM224, 225
  189. Hasan MM226
  190. Hasanzadeh A227, 228
  191. Hassanipour S229
  192. Hassankhani H230, 231
  193. Hassen HY232, 233
  194. Havmoeller R234
  195. Hayat K235, 236
  196. Hendrie D59
  197. Heydarpour F237
  198. Hijar M238, 239
  199. Ho HC240
  200. Hoang CL241
  201. Hole MK242
  202. Holla R243
  203. Hossain N244, 245
  204. Hosseinzadeh M246, 247
  205. Hostiuc S248, 249
  206. Hu G250
  207. Ibitoye SE251
  208. Ilesanmi OS252
  209. Ilic I155
  210. Ilic MD253
  211. Inbaraj LR254
  212. Indriasih E255
  213. Irvani SSN256
  214. Islam SMS257, 258
  215. Mofizul Islam M259
  216. Ivers RQ260
  217. Jacobsen KH261
  218. Jahani MA262
  219. Jahanmehr N263, 264
  220. Jakovljevic M265
  221. Jalilian F266
  222. Jayaraman S267
  223. Jayatilleke AU268, 269
  224. Jha RP270
  225. Johnakinola YO251
  226. Jonas JB271, 272
  227. Joseph N273
  228. Joukar F229
  229. Jozwiak JJ274
  230. Jungari SB275
  231. Jurisson M276
  232. Kabir A277
  233. Kadel R278
  234. Kahsay A94
  235. Kalankesh LR279
  236. Kalhor R280, 281
  237. Kamil TA282
  238. Kanchan T283
  239. Kapoor N64
  240. Karami M284
  241. Kasaeian A285, 286
  242. Kassaye HG21
  243. Kavetskyy T287, 288
  244. Kebede HK289
  245. Keiyoro PN290
  246. Kelbore AG291
  247. Kelkay B292
  248. Khader YS293
  249. Khafaie MA294
  250. Khalid N295
  251. Khalil IA296
  252. Khalilov R297
  253. Khammarnia M298
  254. Khan EA299
  255. Khan M300
  256. Khanna T301, 302
  257. Khazaie H303
  258. Shadmani FK304
  259. Khundkar R305
  260. Kiirithio DN306
  261. Kim YE307
  262. Kim D308
  263. Kim YJ309
  264. Kisa A310
  265. Kisa S311
  266. Komaki H312, 313
  267. Kondlahalli SKM314
  268. Korshunov VA107
  269. Koyanagi A315, 316
  270. Kraemer MUG317, 318
  271. Krishan K319
  272. Bicer BK320, 321
  273. Kugbey N322, 323
  274. Kumar V324
  275. Kumar N273
  276. Anil Kumar G325
  277. Kumar M326, 327
  278. Kumaresh G328
  279. Kurmi OP327, 329
  280. Kuti O330
  281. Vecchia CL331
  282. Lami FH332
  283. Lamichhane P333
  284. Lang JJ334
  285. Lansingh VC335, 336
  286. Laryea DO337
  287. Lasrado S338
  288. Latifi A339
  289. Lauriola P340
  290. Leasher JL341
  291. Lee SWH342, 343
  292. Lenjebo TL344
  293. Levi M51, 345
  294. Li S214
  295. Linn S346
  296. Liu X347
  297. Lopez AD1, 348, 349
  298. Lotufo PA350
  299. Lunevicius R351, 352
  300. Lyons RA353
  301. Madadin M354
  302. El Razek MMA355
  303. Mahotra NB356
  304. Majdan M357
  305. Majeed A358
  306. Malagonrojas JN359, 360
  307. Maled V361, 362
  308. Malekzadeh R363, 364
  309. Malta DC365
  310. Manafi N366, 367
  311. Manafi A368
  312. Manda AL369
  313. Manjunatha N370
  314. Mansourghanaei F229
  315. Mansouri B371
  316. Mansournia MA372
  317. Maravilla JC373
  318. March LM374
  319. Masonjones AJ375
  320. Masoumi SZ376
  321. Massenburg BB130
  322. Maulik PK377, 378
  323. Meles GG379
  324. Melese A141
  325. Melketsedik ZA380
  326. Memiah PTN381
  327. Mendoza W382
  328. Menezes RG383
  329. Mengesha MB384
  330. Mengesha MM385
  331. Meretoja TJ386, 387
  332. Meretoja A388, 389
  333. Merie HE164
  334. Mestrovic T390, 391
  335. Miazgowski B392
  336. Miazgowski T393
  337. Miller TR59, 394
  338. Mini GK395, 396
  339. Mirica A397, 398
  340. Mirrakhimov EM399, 400
  341. Mirzaeialavijeh M266
  342. Mithra P273
  343. Moazen B401, 402
  344. Moghadaszadeh M403, 404
  345. Mohamadi E405
  346. Mohammad Y406
  347. Mohammad KA407, 408
  348. Darwesh AM409
  349. Mezerji NMG410
  350. Mohammadianhafshejani A411
  351. Mohammadookhorasani M412
  352. Mohammadpourhodki R413
  353. Mohammed S80, 414
  354. Mohammed JA415
  355. Mohebi F175, 416
  356. Molokhia M417
  357. Monasta L418
  358. Moodley Y419
  359. Moosazadeh M420
  360. Moradi M421
  361. Moradi G422, 423
  362. Moradilakeh M424
  363. Moradpour F422
  364. Morawska L425
  365. Velasquez IM426
  366. Morisaki N427
  367. Morrison SD130
  368. Mossie TB90
  369. Muluneh AG428
  370. Murthy S429
  371. Musa KI430
  372. Mustafa G431, 432
  373. Nabhan AF433, 434
  374. Nagarajan AJ435, 436
  375. Naik G437
  376. Naimzada MD438, 439
  377. Najafi F440
  378. Nangia V441
  379. Nascimento BR442
  380. Naserbakht M424, 443
  381. Nayak V444
  382. Ndwandwe DE445
  383. Negoi I446, 447
  384. Ngunjiri JW448
  385. Nguyen CT449
  386. Nguyen HLT449
  387. Nikbakhsh R450, 451
  388. Ningrum DNA452, 453
  389. Nnaji CA445, 454
  390. Nyasulu PS455
  391. Ogbo FA112
  392. Oghenetega OB456
  393. Oh IH457
  394. Okunga EW458
  395. Olagunju AT459, 460
  396. Olagunju TO461
  397. Bali AO462
  398. Onwujekwe OE463
  399. Asante KO464, 465
  400. Orpana HM466, 467
  401. Ota E468
  402. Otstavnov N438, 469
  403. Otstavnov SS438, 470
  404. Mahesh PA471
  405. Padubidri JR472
  406. Pakhale S473
  407. Pakshir K474
  408. Pandajonas S475
  409. Park EK476
  410. Patel SK477, 478
  411. Pathak A165, 479
  412. Pati S480
  413. Patton GC481, 482
  414. Paulos K483
  415. Peden AE191, 484
  416. Pepito VCF485
  417. Pereira J486
  418. Pham HQ449
  419. Phillips MR487, 488
  420. Pinheiro M489
  421. Polibin RV490
  422. Polinder S217
  423. Poustchi H363
  424. Prakash S491
  425. Pribadi DRA492
  426. Puri P493
  427. Syed ZQ96
  428. Rabiee M494
  429. Rabiee N495
  430. Radfar A496, 497
  431. Rafay A498
  432. Rafiee A499
  433. Rafiei A500, 501
  434. Rahim F502, 503
  435. Rahimi S504
  436. Rahimimovaghar V505
  437. Rahman MA506, 507
  438. Rajabpoursanati A508
  439. Rajati F421
  440. Rakovac I509
  441. Ranganathan K510
  442. Rao SJ511
  443. Rashedi V512
  444. Rastogi P513
  445. Rathi P514
  446. Rawaf S358, 515
  447. Rawal L516
  448. Rawassizadeh R517
  449. Renjith V518
  450. Renzaho AMN519, 520
  451. Resnikoff S521
  452. Rezapour A522
  453. Ribeiro AI523
  454. Rickard J524, 525
  455. Gonzalez CMR526, 527
  456. Ronfani L418
  457. Roshandel G363, 528
  458. Saad AM529
  459. Sabde YD530
  460. Sabour S531
  461. Saddik B532
  462. Safari S533
  463. Safarifaramani R534
  464. Safarpour H535
  465. Safdarian M505, 536
  466. Mohammad Sajadi S537
  467. Salamati P505
  468. Salehi F538
  469. Zahabi SS539, 540
  470. Rashad Salem MR541
  471. Salem H542
  472. Salman O543, 544
  473. Salz I545
  474. Samy AM546
  475. Sanabria J547, 548
  476. Riera LS549, 550
  477. Santric Milicevic MM551, 552
  478. Sarker AR553
  479. Sarveazad A554
  480. Sathian B555, 556
  481. Sawhney M557
  482. Sawyer SM558, 559
  483. Saxena S560
  484. Sayyah M561
  485. Schwebel DC562
  486. Seedat S563
  487. Senthilkumaran S564
  488. Sepanlou SG363, 364
  489. Seyedmousavi S565
  490. Sha F566
  491. Shaahmadi F567
  492. Shahabi S568
  493. Shaikh MA569
  494. Shamsbeyranvand M570
  495. Shamsizadeh M571
  496. Sharifalhoseini M505
  497. Sharifi H572
  498. Sheikh A573, 574
  499. Shigematsu M575
  500. Shin JI576, 577
  501. Shiri R578
  502. Siabani S579, 580
  503. Sigfusdottir ID581, 582
  504. Singh PK583
  505. Singh JA584, 585
  506. Sinha DN586, 587
  507. Smarandache CG588, 589
  508. Smith EUR590, 591
  509. Soheili A592, 593
  510. Soleymani B237
  511. Soltanian AR594
  512. Soriano JB595, 596
  513. Sorrie MB597
  514. Soyiri IN598, 599
  515. Stein DJ600, 601
  516. Stokes MA602
  517. Muawiyyah BS603
  518. Suleria HAR604
  519. Sykes BL605
  520. Tabaresseisdedos R606, 607
  521. Tabb KM608
  522. Taddele BW609
  523. Tadesse DB197, 610
  524. Tamiru AT611
  525. Tarigan IU255
  526. Tefera YM612, 613
  527. Tehranibanihashemi A424, 614
  528. Tekle MG199
  529. Tekulu GH615
  530. Tesema AK616
  531. Tesfay BE617
  532. Thapar R273
  533. Tilahune AB618
  534. Tlaye KG142
  535. Tohidinik HR372, 572
  536. Topormadry R619, 620
  537. Tran BX621
  538. Tran KB622, 623
  539. Tripathy JP624
  540. Tsai AC625, 626
  541. Car LT627
  542. Ullah S628
  543. Ullah I629, 630
  544. Umar M631
  545. Unnikrishnan B273
  546. Upadhyay E632
  547. Uthman OA633
  548. Valdez PR634, 635
  549. Vasankari TJ636
  550. Venketasubramanian N637, 638
  551. Violante FS639, 640
  552. Vlassov V641
  553. Waheed Y642
  554. Weldesamuel GT197
  555. Werdecker A643, 644
  556. Wiangkham T645
  557. Wolde HF428
  558. Woldeyes DH646
  559. Wondafrash DZ647, 648
  560. Wondmeneh TG415
  561. Wondmieneh AB196, 649
  562. Wu AM650
  563. Yadav R493
  564. Yadollahpour A651
  565. Yano Y652
  566. Yaya S653
  567. Yazdifeyzabadi V654, 655
  568. Yip P656, 657
  569. Yisma E658
  570. Yonemoto N659
  571. Yoon SJ307
  572. Youm Y660
  573. Younis MZ661, 662
  574. Yousefi Z663, 664
  575. Yu Y665
  576. Yu C666, 667
  577. Yusefzadeh H29
  578. Moghadam TZ30, 668
  579. Zaidi Z669
  580. Zaman SB131, 670
  581. Zamani M671
  582. Zamanian M34
  583. Zandian H668, 672
  584. Zarei A673
  585. Zare F674
  586. Zhang ZJ675
  587. Zhang Y676, 677
  588. Zodpey S678
  589. Dandona L1, 325, 349
  590. Dandona R1, 325
  591. Degenhardt L1, 679
  592. Dharmaratne SD1, 349, 680
  593. Hay SI1, 349
  594. Mokdad AH1, 349
  595. Sartorius B349, 681
  596. Vos T1, 349
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  3. 3. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  4. 4. Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  6. 6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  7. 7. Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  8. 8. Cardiovascular Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Egypt
  9. 9. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  10. 10. School of Medicine Center for Politics, Population and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  11. 11. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University Nanjing, Nanjing, China
  12. 12. Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
  13. 13. James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  14. 14. Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  15. 15. Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  16. 16. Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria
  17. 17. Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  18. 18. School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
  19. 19. Department of Computer Sciences, Imam Abdulrehman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  20. 20. Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  21. 21. Department of Pharmacy, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  22. 22. Department of Population Health Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  23. 23. Faculty of Health Sciences - Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  24. 24. British Columbia Injury Research Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children'sHospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  25. 25. Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
  26. 26. Faculty of Pharmacy, Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq
  27. 27. Department of Information Systems, College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
  28. 28. School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Department of Health Services Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  29. 29. Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  30. 30. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  31. 31. Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  32. 32. Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
  33. 33. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
  34. 34. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  35. 35. Physiotherapy Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
  36. 36. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  37. 37. Clinical Practice Guidelines Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  38. 38. Alexandria Center for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  39. 39. Health Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  40. 40. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  41. 41. Online Programs for Applied Learning, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  42. 42. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  43. 43. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan, Iran
  44. 44. Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  45. 45. Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  46. 46. Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  47. 47. Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
  48. 48. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  49. 49. Department of Health Promotion and Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  50. 50. School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  51. 51. Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases, Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, Florence, Italy
  52. 52. School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  53. 53. Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  54. 54. Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
  55. 55. Department of Microbiology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Azad Tabriz University, Iran
  56. 56. Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  57. 57. Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  58. 58. General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru
  59. 59. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  60. 60. Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  61. 61. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  62. 62. Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
  63. 63. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  64. 64. Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
  65. 65. Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
  66. 66. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, Greece
  67. 67. Biochemistry Unit, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  68. 68. School of Health Sciences, Univeristi Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  69. 69. Institute of Health Management Research, Indian Institute of Health Management Research University, Jaipur, India
  70. 70. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  71. 71. Health Policy And Management Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  72. 72. Department of Demography, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  73. 73. Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bengaluru, India
  74. 74. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  75. 75. Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  76. 76. School of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  77. 77. Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  78. 78. Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City, Nepal
  79. 79. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  80. 80. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  81. 81. T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  82. 82. Department of Industrial Engineering, Pontifical Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia
  83. 83. Occupational Health Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  84. 84. Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  85. 85. Department of Public Health, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
  86. 86. Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India
  87. 87. Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  88. 88. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  89. 89. Institute of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  90. 90. Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  91. 91. Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Reseach, Ramon de la Fuente Muniz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
  92. 92. Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  93. 93. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  94. 94. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  95. 95. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  96. 96. Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
  97. 97. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, United States
  98. 98. Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
  99. 99. Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
  100. 100. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  101. 101. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  102. 102. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  103. 103. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  104. 104. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  105. 105. Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  106. 106. Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
  107. 107. Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  108. 108. Research Department, Golden Community, Kathmandu, Nepal
  109. 109. Centre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  110. 110. Global eHealth Unit, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  111. 111. Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  112. 112. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  113. 113. Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  114. 114. Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
  115. 115. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  116. 116. Primary Care Services Area, Central Health Directorate, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Italy
  117. 117. Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
  118. 118. National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
  119. 119. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  120. 120. Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  121. 121. School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  122. 122. Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  123. 123. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  124. 124. Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana
  125. 125. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
  126. 126. 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
  127. 127. Ophthalmology Private Practice Office, Independent Consultant, Athens, Greece
  128. 128. Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  129. 129. Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
  130. 130. Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  131. 131. Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  132. 132. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
  133. 133. Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  134. 134. Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Action, ACT, Australia
  135. 135. Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  136. 136. 2nd Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
  137. 137. Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  138. 138. Department of Dermatology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  139. 139. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  140. 140. Population and Development, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  141. 141. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  142. 142. Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  143. 143. School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  144. 144. School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  145. 145. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  146. 146. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
  147. 147. Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  148. 148. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  149. 149. Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
  150. 150. Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  151. 151. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  152. 152. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  153. 153. School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
  154. 154. Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  155. 155. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  156. 156. Public Health Department, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  157. 157. Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  158. 158. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  159. 159. Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
  160. 160. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  161. 161. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  162. 162. National Institute for Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  163. 163. Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  164. 164. Department of Statistics, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  165. 165. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  166. 166. World Health Programme, Universite du Quebec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
  167. 167. Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
  168. 168. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
  169. 169. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  170. 170. Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
  171. 171. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  172. 172. Biology Department, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  173. 173. Biology and BiotechnolaniogyL Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  174. 174. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
  175. 175. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  176. 176. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  177. 177. Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  178. 178. Nursing Department, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  179. 179. Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  180. 180. Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  181. 181. REQUIMTE, LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  182. 182. Research Centre on Public Health (CESP), University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
  183. 183. Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  184. 184. Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, United States
  185. 185. School of Health Sciences, A T Still University, Mesa, AZ, United States
  186. 186. Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  187. 187. Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  188. 188. Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  189. 189. Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  190. 190. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
  191. 191. Royal Life Saving Society, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  192. 192. Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  193. 193. Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  194. 194. Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
  195. 195. School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  196. 196. Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  197. 197. Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  198. 198. Department of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  199. 199. School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  200. 200. Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  201. 201. Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  202. 202. Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  203. 203. Department of Medical Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  204. 204. Occupational Health Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  205. 205. Department of Health Services Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  206. 206. Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  207. 207. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
  208. 208. Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  209. 209. Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  210. 210. Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  211. 211. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  212. 212. Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
  213. 213. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Publica, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
  214. 214. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  215. 215. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
  216. 216. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), World Health Organization (WHO), New Delhi, India
  217. 217. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  218. 218. Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  219. 219. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  220. 220. Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  221. 221. Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, University of Macau, Macao
  222. 222. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  223. 223. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  224. 224. Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
  225. 225. Research and Development Unit, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  226. 226. Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
  227. 227. Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  228. 228. Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  229. 229. Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  230. 230. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  231. 231. Independent Consultant, Tabriz, Iran
  232. 232. Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
  233. 233. Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
  234. 234. Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
  235. 235. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  236. 236. Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
  237. 237. Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  238. 238. Research Coordination, AC Environments Foundation, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  239. 239. CISS, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  240. 240. Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  241. 241. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  242. 242. Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, United States
  243. 243. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  244. 244. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  245. 245. Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited, Tangail, Bangladesh
  246. 246. Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  247. 247. Computer Science Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  248. 248. Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  249. 249. Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
  250. 250. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China
  251. 251. Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  252. 252. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  253. 253. Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  254. 254. Department of Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India
  255. 255. Center for Health Resource and Services Research and Development, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
  256. 256. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  257. 257. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  258. 258. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  259. 259. School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  260. 260. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  261. 261. Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
  262. 262. Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  263. 263. School of Management and Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  264. 264. Safety Promotion, Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  265. 265. Department for Health Care and Public Health, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  266. 266. Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  267. 267. Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
  268. 268. Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  269. 269. Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  270. 270. Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
  271. 271. Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  272. 272. Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
  273. 273. Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  274. 274. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  275. 275. School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
  276. 276. Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  277. 277. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  278. 278. Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
  279. 279. Department of Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  280. 280. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  281. 281. Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  282. 282. School of Public Health, Department of Health Informatics and Health Innovation, A C S Medical College and Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  283. 283. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  284. 284. Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  285. 285. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  286. 286. Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  287. 287. Department of Applied Physics, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
  288. 288. Department of Biology and Chemistry, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine
  289. 289. Department of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  290. 290. Open, Distance and eLearning Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  291. 291. Department of Dermatology, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  292. 292. Department of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  293. 293. Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  294. 294. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  295. 295. School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  296. 296. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  297. 297. Department of Physiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
  298. 298. Health Care Management, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, zahedan, Iran
  299. 299. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  300. 300. Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  301. 301. Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  302. 302. Centre for Ethics, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
  303. 303. Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  304. 304. Department of Epidemiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  305. 305. Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  306. 306. Research and Data Solutions, Synotech Consultant, Nairobi, Kenya
  307. 307. Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  308. 308. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  309. 309. School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  310. 310. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  311. 311. Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  312. 312. Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  313. 313. Brain Engineering Research Center, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  314. 314. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Deemed University, karad, India
  315. 315. CIBERSAM, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  316. 316. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
  317. 317. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  318. 318. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  319. 319. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  320. 320. Department of Public Health, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
  321. 321. Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  322. 322. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  323. 323. Department of Psychology and Health Promotion, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  324. 324. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  325. 325. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  326. 326. Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  327. 327. Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  328. 328. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, India
  329. 329. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  330. 330. Health and Nutrition Section, United Nations Childrens' Fund (UNICEF), Accra, Ghana
  331. 331. Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
  332. 332. Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  333. 333. School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
  334. 334. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  335. 335. HelpMeSee, New York, NY, United States
  336. 336. International Relations, Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico
  337. 337. Disease Control Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
  338. 338. Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  339. 339. Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  340. 340. Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
  341. 341. College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
  342. 342. School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
  343. 343. School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
  344. 344. School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  345. 345. Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
  346. 346. School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  347. 347. Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  348. 348. School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  349. 349. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  350. 350. Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  351. 351. Department of General Surgery, Aintree University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  352. 352. Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  353. 353. Health Data Research UK, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
  354. 354. College of Medicine, Pathology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  355. 355. Ophthalmology Department, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
  356. 356. Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
  357. 357. Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
  358. 358. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  359. 359. Public Health Research Department, National Health Institute Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  360. 360. Faculty of Medicine, El Bosque University, Bogota, Colombia
  361. 361. Health Education and Research Department, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
  362. 362. Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
  363. 363. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  364. 364. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  365. 365. Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  366. 366. Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  367. 367. Ophthalmology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  368. 368. Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  369. 369. Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  370. 370. Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
  371. 371. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  372. 372. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  373. 373. Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  374. 374. Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
  375. 375. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
  376. 376. Department of Midwifery-Reproductive Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  377. 377. Research Department, George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
  378. 378. School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  379. 379. Department of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  380. 380. Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  381. 381. Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
  382. 382. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
  383. 383. Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  384. 384. College of Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  385. 385. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  386. 386. Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  387. 387. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  388. 388. Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  389. 389. School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  390. 390. Clinical Microbiology, Parasitology Unit, ZoraProfozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  391. 391. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  392. 392. Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  393. 393. Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  394. 394. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  395. 395. Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
  396. 396. Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH), Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Centre, Trivandrum, India
  397. 397. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  398. 398. President's Office, National Institute of Statistics Romania, Bucharest, Romania
  399. 399. Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  400. 400. Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  401. 401. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  402. 402. Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
  403. 403. Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  404. 404. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  405. 405. Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  406. 406. Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  407. 407. Research Center, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
  408. 408. Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq
  409. 409. Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  410. 410. Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  411. 411. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  412. 412. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  413. 413. Department of Nursing, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  414. 414. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  415. 415. Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
  416. 416. Iran National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  417. 417. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  418. 418. Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
  419. 419. Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  420. 420. Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  421. 421. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  422. 422. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  423. 423. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  424. 424. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  425. 425. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  426. 426. Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
  427. 427. Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
  428. 428. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  429. 429. Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  430. 430. School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
  431. 431. Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
  432. 432. Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother and Child Care, Multan, Pakistan
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  434. 434. Knowledge Translation and Utilization, Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Egypt
  435. 435. Research and Analytics, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
  436. 436. Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
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  438. 438. Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
  439. 439. Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kursk, Russian Federation
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  441. 441. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  442. 442. Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  443. 443. Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  444. 444. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  445. 445. Cochrane Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  446. 446. Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  447. 447. Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  448. 448. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
  449. 449. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  450. 450. Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  451. 451. Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
  452. 452. Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
  453. 453. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
  454. 454. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  455. 455. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  456. 456. Reproductive Health Sciences, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  457. 457. Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea
  458. 458. Disease Surveillance and Epidemic Response, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
  459. 459. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  460. 460. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  461. 461. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  462. 462. Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  463. 463. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  464. 464. Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
  465. 465. Discipline of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  466. 466. Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  467. 467. School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  468. 468. Department of Global Health Nursing, St Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Japan
  469. 469. Academic Department, Unium Ltd, Moscow, Russian Federation
  470. 470. Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  471. 471. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
  472. 472. Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  473. 473. Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, OttawaON, Canada
  474. 474. Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  475. 475. Augenpraxis Jonas, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  476. 476. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
  477. 477. Research and Evaluation, Population Council, New Delhi, India
  478. 478. Indian Institute of Health Management Research University Delhi, Jaipur, India
  479. 479. Department of Pediatircs, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
  480. 480. Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, India
  481. 481. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  482. 482. Population Health Theme, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  483. 483. Department of Midwifery, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  484. 484. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  485. 485. Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines
  486. 486. Department of Orthopedics, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, India
  487. 487. Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  488. 488. Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
  489. 489. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  490. 490. Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Sechenon University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  491. 491. Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  492. 492. Health Sciences Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
  493. 493. Department of Population Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  494. 494. Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  495. 495. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  496. 496. College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
  497. 497. College of Graduate Health Sciences, A T Still University, Mesa, AZ, United States
  498. 498. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  499. 499. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, EdmontonAB, Canada
  500. 500. Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  501. 501. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  502. 502. Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  503. 503. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  504. 504. Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  505. 505. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  506. 506. School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
  507. 507. School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  508. 508. Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  509. 509. European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO), Moscow, Russian Federation
  510. 510. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  511. 511. Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
  512. 512. School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Tehran, Iran
  513. 513. Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  514. 514. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  515. 515. Academic Public Health Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  516. 516. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  517. 517. Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, United States
  518. 518. Neurology Department, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
  519. 519. School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
  520. 520. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
  521. 521. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  522. 522. Organization for the Prevention of Blindness, Paris, France
  523. 523. EPIUnit - Public Health Institute University Porto (ISPUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  524. 524. Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  525. 525. Surgery Department, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
  526. 526. Research Directorate, Nihon Gakko University, Fernando de la Mora, Paraguay
  527. 527. Research Direction, Universidad Nacional de Caaguazu, Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay
  528. 528. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  529. 529. Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  530. 530. National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
  531. 531. Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  532. 532. College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  533. 533. Emergency Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  534. 534. Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  535. 535. Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  536. 536. Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  537. 537. Nanobiotechnology Center, Soran University, Iraq
  538. 538. Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  539. 539. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  540. 540. Research Deputy, Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran
  541. 541. Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  542. 542. Department of Urology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  543. 543. Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  544. 544. Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  545. 545. Health and Disability Intelligence Group, Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand
  546. 546. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  547. 547. Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  548. 548. Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  549. 549. Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
  550. 550. Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Syndey, NSW, Australia
  551. 551. Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  552. 552. Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  553. 553. Health Economics, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  554. 554. Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  555. 555. Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  556. 556. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  557. 557. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
  558. 558. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  559. 559. Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  560. 560. School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  561. 561. Faculty Member of Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  562. 562. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  563. 563. Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  564. 564. Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India
  565. 565. Microbiology Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  566. 566. Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
  567. 567. Department of Health Promotion and Education, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  568. 568. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  569. 569. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  570. 570. School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  571. 571. Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  572. 572. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  573. 573. Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  574. 574. Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  575. 575. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
  576. 576. College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea
  577. 577. Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  578. 578. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
  579. 579. Department of Health Education and Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  580. 580. School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  581. 581. Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
  582. 582. Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
  583. 583. Department of Forensic Medicine, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
  584. 584. Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  585. 585. Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, United States
  586. 586. Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
  587. 587. Department of Epidemiology, Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mumbai, India
  588. 588. 2nd Department of Surgery-SUUB, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  589. 589. 2nd Surgery Department, Bucharest Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
  590. 590. Pain Management Research Institute (PMRI), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
  591. 591. Michael J Cousins Pain Management and Research Centre, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
  592. 592. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  593. 593. Emergency Nursing Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  594. 594. Department of Biostatistics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  595. 595. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  596. 596. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
  597. 597. Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  598. 598. Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City, United Kingdom
  599. 599. Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  600. 600. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  601. 601. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  602. 602. Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  603. 603. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  604. 604. Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  605. 605. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
  606. 606. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  607. 607. Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
  608. 608. School of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
  609. 609. Department of Public Health, Arbaminch College of Health Sciences, Arbaminch town sikela, Ethiopia
  610. 610. Axum College of Health Science, mekelle, Ethiopia
  611. 611. School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  612. 612. School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  613. 613. Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  614. 614. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  615. 615. Department of Pharmacognosy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  616. 616. Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  617. 617. Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  618. 618. Psychiatry Department, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  619. 619. Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  620. 620. Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warszawa, Poland
  621. 621. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  622. 622. Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  623. 623. Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  624. 624. Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
  625. 625. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  626. 626. Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
  627. 627. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  628. 628. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, A T Still University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  629. 629. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  630. 630. TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  631. 631. Research Department, National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS), Islamabad, Pakistan
  632. 632. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
  633. 633. Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  634. 634. Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  635. 635. Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  636. 636. UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
  637. 637. Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore
  638. 638. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
  639. 639. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  640. 640. Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  641. 641. Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  642. 642. Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  643. 643. Demographic Change and Ageing Research Area, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  644. 644. Center of Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany
  645. 645. Department of Physical Therapy, Naresuan University, Meung District, Thailand
  646. 646. Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  647. 647. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  648. 648. Department of Pharmacology, Addis Ababa University, Addis ababa, Ethiopia
  649. 649. Department of Nursing, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  650. 650. Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
  651. 651. Medical Physics Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  652. 652. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  653. 653. School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, OttawaON, Canada
  654. 654. Health Services Management Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  655. 655. Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  656. 656. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  657. 657. Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  658. 658. School of Allied Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  659. 659. Department of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
  660. 660. Department of Sociology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  661. 661. Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  662. 662. School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  663. 663. Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  664. 664. Department of Environmental Health, Academy of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
  665. 665. School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
  666. 666. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  667. 667. Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  668. 668. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
  669. 669. Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  670. 670. Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  671. 671. Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  672. 672. Department of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
  673. 673. Department of Environment Health Engineering, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  674. 674. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  675. 675. Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  676. 676. School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  677. 677. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  678. 678. Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  679. 679. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  680. 680. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  681. 681. Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Source: Injury Prevention Published:2020


Abstract

Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
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