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Global, Regional, and National Burden of Diabetes From 1990 to 2021, With Projections of Prevalence to 2050: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Publisher Pubmed



Ong KL1 ; Stafford LK1 ; Mclaughlin SA1 ; Boyko EJ2, 9, 40, 47, 176, 769 ; Vollset SE1, 3 ; Smith AE1 ; Dalton BE1 ; Duprey J1 ; Cruz JA1 ; Hagins H1 ; Lindstedt PA1 ; Aali A10, 58, 108, 346, 431, 645, 714 ; Abate YH19 ; Abate MD20 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Ong KL1
  2. Stafford LK1
  3. Mclaughlin SA1
  4. Boyko EJ2, 9, 40, 47, 176, 769
  5. Vollset SE1, 3
  6. Smith AE1
  7. Dalton BE1
  8. Duprey J1
  9. Cruz JA1
  10. Hagins H1
  11. Lindstedt PA1
  12. Aali A10, 58, 108, 346, 431, 645, 714
  13. Abate YH19
  14. Abate MD20
  15. Abbasian M21, 32
  16. Abbasikangevari Z33, 45
  17. Abbasikangevari M45
  18. Elhafeez SA69, 499
  19. Abdrabu R71
  20. Abdulah DM73
  21. Abdullah AYM74
  22. Abedi V76, 77
  23. Abidi H78
  24. Aboagye RG80
  25. Abolhassani H46, 81
  26. Abugharbieh E82
  27. Abuzaid A89, 91
  28. Adane TD92, 96
  29. Adane DE92, 96
  30. Addo IY99, 101
  31. Adegboye OA102
  32. Adekanmbi V104
  33. Adepoju AV106, 107
  34. Adnani QES10, 58, 108, 346, 431, 645, 714
  35. Afolabi RF111
  36. Agarwal G117, 706, 805
  37. Aghdam ZB118
  38. Agudelobotero M123
  39. Arriagada CEA126
  40. Agyemangduah W127
  41. Ahinkorah BO128, 140, 583
  42. Ahmad D130, 131
  43. Ahmad R132
  44. Ahmad S134
  45. Ahmad A135
  46. Ahmadi A34, 93, 135, 213, 310, 693
  47. Ahmadi K137, 208, 216, 552
  48. Ahmed A143, 144, 145, 146
  49. Ahmed A143, 144, 145, 146
  50. Ahmed LA147, 240, 453
  51. Ahmed SA150
  52. Ajami M35, 152
  53. Akinyemi RO112, 153
  54. Al Hamad H154, 155
  55. Al Hasan SMA156
  56. Alahdal TMA157
  57. Alalwan TA158
  58. Alaly Z159, 163
  59. Albataineh MT165
  60. Alcalderabanal JE169
  61. Alemi S173, 749
  62. Ali H151, 174
  63. Alinia T175
  64. Aljunid SM182, 183
  65. Almustanyir S90, 184
  66. Alraddadi RM185
  67. Alvisguzman N189, 191
  68. Amare F192
  69. Ameyaw EK194
  70. Amiri S195
  71. Amusa GA196, 197
  72. Andrei CL198
  73. Anjana RM202
  74. Ansar A203, 205
  75. Ansari G52, 119, 206
  76. Ansarimoghaddam A137, 208, 216, 552
  77. Anyasodor AE211
  78. Arabloo J212
  79. Aravkin AY1, 3, 4
  80. Areda D218, 219
  81. Arifin H220
  82. Arkew M221
  83. Armocida B222
  84. Arnlov J223, 224
  85. Artamonov AA225
  86. Arulappan J226
  87. Aruleba RT227
  88. Arumugam A83, 228
  89. Aryan Z22, 45
  90. Asemu MT97
  91. Asgharijafarabadi M229, 230
  92. Askari E235
  93. Asmelash D238
  94. Astellburt T245, 247
  95. Athar M250, 251
  96. Athari SS252, 551
  97. Atout MMW254
  98. Avilaburgos L611
  99. Awaisu A255
  100. Azadnajafabad S45
  101. Babamohamadi H260
  102. Badar M261, 565
  103. Badawi A262, 263, 891
  104. Badiye AD266
  105. Baghcheghi N267, 306, 326, 472
  106. Bagheri N130, 269
  107. Bagherieh S2, 40, 47, 176, 769
  108. Bah S133
  109. Bahadory S270, 271
  110. Bai R273
  111. Baig AA274
  112. Baltatu OC166
  113. Baradaran HR34, 93, 213, 277, 310, 693
  114. Barchitta M279, 565
  115. Bardhan M282, 565
  116. Barengo NC285
  117. Barnighausen TW23, 288
  118. Barone MTU289, 290
  119. Baroneadesi F291
  120. Barrow A292, 293, 891
  121. Bashiri H294, 295
  122. Basiru A298, 891
  123. Basu S24, 128, 140, 299, 583
  124. Basu S24, 128, 140, 299, 583
  125. Batiha AMM254
  126. Batra K300
  127. Bayih MT301
  128. Bayileyegn NS308
  129. Behnoush AH2, 40, 47, 176, 312, 769
  130. Bekele AB313
  131. Belete MA315
  132. Belgaumi UI318
  133. Belo L319, 320
  134. Bennett DA323
  135. Bensenor IM324
  136. Berhe K325
  137. Berhie AY302
  138. Bhaskar S328, 329
  139. Bhat AN330, 644
  140. Bhatti JS333
  141. Bikbov B334
  142. Bilal F335, 336
  143. Bintoro BS337, 338
  144. Bitaraf S340, 370
  145. Bitra VR342
  146. Bjegovicmikanovic V344, 345
  147. Bodolica V348
  148. Boloor A331, 891
  149. Brauer M1, 349, 565
  150. Brazosayavera J350
  151. Brenner H351
  152. Butt ZA75, 352
  153. Calina D353
  154. Campos LA276, 354
  155. Camposnonato IR170
  156. Cao Y50, 160, 161, 410, 807
  157. Cao C50, 160, 161, 410, 807
  158. Car J141, 355
  159. Carvalho M320, 356
  160. Castanedaorjuela CA357, 358
  161. Catalalopez F359, 360
  162. Cerin E361, 362
  163. Chadwick J363
  164. Chandrasekar EK364
  165. Chanie GS239
  166. Charan J366, 374, 437
  167. Chattu VK264, 368, 696
  168. Chauhan K340, 370
  169. Cheema HA6, 63, 233, 372, 373, 720, 890
  170. Abebe EC98
  171. Chen S288
  172. Cherbuin N151, 174, 269, 409, 858
  173. Chichagi F48
  174. Chidambaram SB366, 374, 375, 437
  175. Cho WCS376
  176. Choudhari SG377
  177. Chowdhury R286, 378
  178. Chowdhury EK231, 379
  179. Chu DT380
  180. Chukwu IS381
  181. Chung SC304, 382, 387
  182. Coberly K1
  183. Columbus A207
  184. Contreras D124
  185. Cousin E1, 3
  186. Criqui MH388
  187. Cruzmartins N321, 389
  188. Cuschieri S391
  189. Dabo B392, 394
  190. Dadras O395, 396
  191. Dai X1, 3
  192. Damasceno AAM397
  193. Dandona R1, 3, 399
  194. Dandona L284
  195. Das S400
  196. Dascalu AM199, 401
  197. Dash NR82
  198. Dashti M52, 119, 206, 207
  199. Davilacervantes CA402
  200. De La Cruzgongora V171
  201. Debele GR403
  202. Delpasand K404, 405
  203. Demisse FW314
  204. Demissie GD147, 240, 453
  205. Deng X409
  206. Denovagutierrez E172
  207. Deo SV50, 160, 410, 414, 807
  208. Dervisevic E416, 418
  209. Desai HD419
  210. Desale AT97
  211. Dessie AM317
  212. Desta F420
  213. Dewan SMR421, 422
  214. Dey S340, 370
  215. Dhama K423
  216. Dhimal M207, 424
  217. Diao N25, 316
  218. Diaz D125, 427
  219. Dinu M207, 428
  220. Diress M207, 241
  221. Djalalinia S429
  222. Doan LP10, 58, 108, 346, 430, 431, 645, 714
  223. Dongarwar D434
  224. Dos Santos Figueiredo FW435
  225. Duncan BB436
  226. Dutta S366, 374, 437
  227. Dziedzic AM439
  228. Edinur HA440
  229. Ekholuenetale M111, 113, 679
  230. Ekundayo TC442
  231. Elgendy IY26, 443
  232. Elhadi M445
  233. Elhuneidi W84
  234. Elmeligy OAA70, 186
  235. Elmonem MA446
  236. Endeshaw D303
  237. Esayas HL314
  238. Eshetu HB242
  239. Etaee F447
  240. Fadhil I448, 707
  241. Fagbamigbe AF111, 278
  242. Fahim A275
  243. Falahi S449
  244. Faris MEM85
  245. Farrokhpour H2, 40, 47, 49, 176, 309, 769
  246. Farzadfar F45
  247. Fatehizadeh A177
  248. Fazli G265, 450
  249. Feng X100, 451
  250. Ferede TY452
  251. Fischer F147, 240, 453
  252. Flood D455, 456
  253. Forouhari A178, 179
  254. Foroumadi R49, 50, 160, 309, 410, 807
  255. Koudehi MF457
  256. Gaidhane AM377
  257. Gaihre S278
  258. Gaipov A460
  259. Galali Y461, 462
  260. Ganesan B463, 464
  261. Garciagordillo MA465
  262. Gautam RK467
  263. Gebrehiwot M25, 316
  264. Gebrekidan KG267, 306, 326, 472
  265. Gebremeskel TG468, 471
  266. Getacher L474
  267. Ghadirian F36
  268. Ghamari SH33, 45
  269. Nour MG11
  270. Ghassemi F51
  271. Golechha M475
  272. Goleij P476
  273. Golinelli D477
  274. Gopalani SV478, 479
  275. Guadie HA304, 382
  276. Guan SY480
  277. Gudayu TW243
  278. Guimaraes RA481
  279. Guled RA482
  280. Gupta R483, 484
  281. Gupta K485
  282. Gupta VB486
  283. Gupta VK487
  284. Gyawali B489
  285. Haddadi R490
  286. Hadi NR491
  287. Haile TG267, 306, 326, 472
  288. Hajibeygi R52, 119, 206
  289. Hajmirzaian A37, 444
  290. Halwani R82, 86, 115, 631
  291. Hamidi S492
  292. Hankey GJ493, 495
  293. Hannan MA496, 497
  294. Haque S498
  295. Harandi H2, 40, 47, 53, 176, 769
  296. Harlianto NI501, 502
  297. Mahmudul Hasan SM503, 504, 505, 506
  298. Hasan SS503, 504, 505, 506
  299. Hasani H507
  300. Hassanipour S406, 407
  301. Hassen MB1
  302. Haubold J511, 512
  303. Hayat K513, 514
  304. Heidari G138, 515
  305. Heidari M138, 515
  306. Hessami K27, 516
  307. Hiraike Y520
  308. Holla R256
  309. Hossain S383, 521
  310. Hossain MS383, 521
  311. Hosseini MS120
  312. Hosseinzadeh M245, 432, 522
  313. Hosseinzadeh H245, 432, 522
  314. Huang J523
  315. Huda MN524, 525
  316. Hussain S526, 527
  317. Huynh HH528
  318. Hwang BF529, 530
  319. Ibitoye SE114
  320. Ikeda N531
  321. Ilic IM10, 58, 108, 346, 431, 532, 645, 714
  322. Ilic MD10, 58, 108, 346, 431, 532, 645, 714
  323. Inbaraj LR533
  324. Iqbal A534
  325. Islam SMS232, 248, 536
  326. Islam RM232, 248, 536
  327. Ismail NE537, 538
  328. Iso H539
  329. Isola G280
  330. Itumalla R540, 888
  331. Iwagami M456, 485, 543, 544
  332. Iwu CCD546
  333. Iyamu IO349, 547
  334. Iyasu AN267, 306, 326, 472
  335. Jacob L548, 550
  336. Jafarzadeh A296
  337. Jahrami H554, 555
  338. Jain R556, 557
  339. Jaja C7, 558
  340. Jamalpoor Z458
  341. Jamshidi E38, 560
  342. Janakiraman B562
  343. Jayanna K564, 565
  344. Jayapal SK566
  345. Jayaram S567
  346. Jayawardena R568, 569
  347. Jebai R287
  348. Jeong W570
  349. Jin Y571
  350. Jokar M574
  351. Jonas JB577, 578
  352. Joseph N332, 579
  353. Joseph A332, 579
  354. Joshua CE581
  355. Joukar F406, 407
  356. Jozwiak JJ582
  357. Kaambwa B469, 470, 855
  358. Kabir A214
  359. Kabthymer RH128, 140, 583
  360. Kadashetti V585
  361. Kahe F28
  362. Kalhor R586, 587
  363. Kandel H249, 589
  364. Karanth SD590
  365. Karaye IM591
  366. Karkhah S408
  367. Katoto PDMC7, 558, 592
  368. Kaur N593
  369. Kazemian S54, 55
  370. Kebede SA595
  371. Khader YS596
  372. Khajuria H597
  373. Khalaji A2, 40, 47, 176, 312, 769
  374. Khan MAB148, 599
  375. Khan M69, 499
  376. Khan A600
  377. Khanal S601
  378. Khatatbeh MM602
  379. Khater AM603
  380. Khateri S604
  381. Khorashadizadeh F605
  382. Khubchandani J606
  383. Kibret BG305
  384. Kim MS607
  385. Kimokoti RW608
  386. Kisa A609, 610
  387. Kivimaki M384
  388. Kolahi AA33
  389. Komaki S613
  390. Kompani F56
  391. Koohestani HR268
  392. Korzh O478, 614
  393. Kostev K615, 616
  394. Kothari N367
  395. Koyanagi A617, 618
  396. Krishan K619
  397. Krishnamoorthy Y620
  398. Defo BK621, 622
  399. Kuddus M541, 623
  400. Kuddus MA541, 623
  401. Kumar R542, 625, 864
  402. Kumar H542, 625, 864
  403. Kundu S626, 627
  404. Kurniasari MD628, 629
  405. Kuttikkattu A636
  406. Vecchia CL637
  407. Lallukka T612, 646
  408. Larijani B49, 309, 643, 647
  409. Larsson AO638, 639
  410. Latief K630, 640
  411. Lawal BK642
  412. Le TTT643, 646, 647
  413. Le TTB643, 646, 647
  414. Lee SWH145, 648
  415. Lee M105, 145, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 655
  416. Lee WC105
  417. Lee PH649, 650
  418. Lee SW653
  419. Lee SW653
  420. Legesse SM509
  421. Lenzi J477
  422. Li Y654, 655
  423. Li MC654, 655
  424. Lim SS1, 3, 656, 657
  425. Lim LL1, 3, 656, 657
  426. Liu X204, 411, 658
  427. Liu C204, 411, 658, 659
  428. Lo CH659
  429. Lopes G660
  430. Lorkowski S661, 662
  431. Lozano R1, 3
  432. Lucchetti G663
  433. Maghazachi AA82
  434. Mahasha PW664
  435. Mahjoub S665, 666
  436. Mahmoud MA667
  437. Mahmoudi R588
  438. Mahmoudimanesh M297
  439. Mai AT668
  440. Majeed A141
  441. Sanaye PM253
  442. Makris KC669
  443. Malhotra K670
  444. Malik AA187, 274
  445. Malik I671
  446. Mallhi TH672
  447. Malta DC673
  448. Mamun AA674
  449. Mansouri B675
  450. Marateb HR677, 678
  451. Mardi P272
  452. Martini S113, 679, 682
  453. Martorell M683, 684
  454. Marzo RR685, 686
  455. Masoudi R57, 139
  456. Masoudi S57, 139
  457. Mathews E687
  458. Maugeri A281
  459. Mazzaglia G688
  460. Mekonnen T689
  461. Meshkat M180
  462. Mestrovic T1, 690
  463. Jonasson JM691
  464. Miazgowski T692
  465. Michalek IM34, 93, 213, 310, 693, 694
  466. Minh LHN86, 115, 631, 632
  467. Mini GK695, 698, 875
  468. Miranda JJ699, 700
  469. Mirfakhraie R39
  470. Mirrakhimov EM701, 702
  471. Mirzaaghazadehattari M52, 119, 206, 703
  472. Misganaw A3, 508
  473. Misgina KH34, 93, 213, 310, 693, 705
  474. Mishra M706
  475. Moazen B288, 707
  476. Mohamed NS708, 709
  477. Mohammadi E10, 58, 68, 108, 236, 346, 431, 645, 714
  478. Mohammadi M10, 58, 68, 108, 236, 346, 431, 645, 714
  479. Mohammadianhafshejani A137, 208, 216, 552
  480. Mohammadshahi M59
  481. Mohseni A52, 119, 206
  482. Mojiriforushani H710
  483. Mokdad AH1, 3
  484. Momtazmanesh S2, 40, 45, 47, 176, 769
  485. Monasta L711
  486. Moniruzzaman M712
  487. Mons U713
  488. Montazeri F2, 40, 45, 47, 176, 769
  489. Ghalibaf AM10, 58, 108, 346, 431, 645, 714
  490. Moradi Y217, 717
  491. Moradi M217, 717
  492. Sarabi MM237
  493. Morovatdar N12, 508, 606
  494. Morrison SD5
  495. Morze J718
  496. Mossialos E142, 719
  497. Mostafavi E6, 63, 233, 372, 720, 721, 890
  498. Mueller UO723, 724
  499. Mulita F725, 726, 727
  500. Mulita A725, 726, 727
  501. Murillozamora E728, 729
  502. Musa KI730
  503. Mwita JC343
  504. Nagaraju SP257
  505. Naghavi M1, 3, 72, 754
  506. Nainu F731
  507. Nair TS732
  508. Najmuldeen HHR733
  509. Nangia V734
  510. Nargus S274
  511. Naser AY735
  512. Nassereldine H1
  513. Natto ZS29, 188
  514. Nauman J149, 736
  515. Nayak BP597
  516. Ndejjo R737
  517. Negash H738
  518. Negoi RI200, 739
  519. Nguyen HTH10, 58, 108, 346, 431, 433, 645, 714
  520. Nguyen DH26, 393, 443
  521. Nguyen PT740
  522. Nguyen VT330, 644
  523. Nguyen HQ668
  524. Niazi RK741
  525. Nigatu YT742
  526. Ningrum DNA633, 743
  527. Nizam MA745
  528. Nnyanzi LA746
  529. Noreen M72, 747, 754
  530. Noubiap JJ748
  531. Nzoputam OJ750, 751, 752
  532. Nzoputam CI750, 751, 752
  533. Oancea B753
  534. Odogwu NM72, 754
  535. Odukoya OO755, 756
  536. Ojha VA757, 758
  537. Okatialiabad H209
  538. Okekunle AP86, 115, 631, 759
  539. Okonji OC760
  540. Okwute PG761, 762
  541. Olufadewa II113, 679, 763
  542. Onwujekwe OE764
  543. Ordak M765
  544. Ortiz A767, 768
  545. Osuagwu UL2, 40, 47, 176, 769, 771
  546. Oulhaj A167
  547. Owolabi MO116, 772
  548. Padronmonedero A359
  549. Padubidri JR773
  550. Palladino R141, 774
  551. Panagiotakos D624, 775, 776
  552. Pandajonas S777
  553. Pandey A399, 425, 778
  554. Pandey A399, 425, 778
  555. Pandiperumal SR369, 779
  556. Stoian AMP201
  557. Pardhan S780
  558. Parekh T438, 781
  559. Parekh U438, 781
  560. Pasovic M1
  561. Patel J782, 785
  562. Patel JR786, 787
  563. Paudel U426, 788
  564. Pepito VCF790
  565. Pereira M791
  566. Perico N792
  567. Perna S793
  568. Petcu IR794
  569. Petermannrocha FE415, 795
  570. Podder V749, 796
  571. Postma MJ94, 109
  572. Pourali G13, 14
  573. Pourtaheri N797
  574. Prates EJS673
  575. Qadir MMF611
  576. Qattea I412
  577. Raee P41, 60
  578. Rafique I798
  579. Rahimi M121
  580. Rahimifard M60
  581. Rahimimovaghar V61
  582. Rahman MO203, 258, 624, 799, 800, 801
  583. Rahman MA203, 258, 624, 799, 800, 801
  584. Rahman MHU203, 258, 624, 799, 800, 801
  585. Rahman M203, 258, 624, 799, 800, 801
  586. Rahman MM203, 258, 624, 799, 800, 801
  587. Rahmani M2, 40, 45, 47, 165, 168, 176, 769
  588. Rahmani S2, 40, 45, 47, 176, 769
  589. Rahmanian V802
  590. Rahmawaty S803
  591. Rahnavard N10, 58, 108, 346, 431, 645, 714
  592. Rajbhandari B789
  593. Ram P60, 62, 804
  594. Ramazanu S806
  595. Rana J809, 811
  596. Rancic N813, 814
  597. Ranjha MMAZ815
  598. Rao CR259
  599. Rapaka D816
  600. Rasali DP349, 817
  601. Rashedi S34, 62, 93, 213, 310, 693, 804, 818
  602. Rashedi V34, 62, 93, 213, 310, 693, 804, 818
  603. Rashid AM819
  604. Rashidi MM33, 45
  605. Ratan ZA246, 820
  606. Rawaf S141, 821
  607. Rawal L822
  608. Redwan EMM823, 824
  609. Remuzzi G792
  610. Rengasamy KRR368, 696, 825
  611. Renzaho AMN2, 40, 47, 176, 769, 770
  612. Reyes LF826, 827
  613. Rezaei N45, 46, 828
  614. Rezaei N45, 46, 828
  615. Rezaeian M137, 208, 216, 552
  616. Rezazadeh H181, 553
  617. Riahi SM715
  618. Rias YA634, 830
  619. Riaz M832
  620. Ribeiro D322, 833
  621. Rodrigues M834
  622. Rodriguez JAB835
  623. Roever L836
  624. Rohloff P30, 60, 837
  625. Roshandel G838
  626. Roustazadeh A576, 787
  627. Rwegerera GM343
  628. Saad AMA839
  629. Saberayad MM82, 840
  630. Sabour S34, 93, 213, 310, 693
  631. Sabzmakan L272
  632. Saddik B87
  633. Sadeghi E517
  634. Saeed U841, 842
  635. Moghaddam SS45
  636. Safi S42, 43, 843, 844
  637. Safi SZ42, 43, 843, 844
  638. Saghazadeh A46
  639. Sharifaskari NS82, 88
  640. Sharifaskari FS82, 88
  641. Sahebkar A15, 16
  642. Sahoo SS371, 845
  643. Sahoo H371, 845
  644. Saifurrahman KM535
  645. Sajid MR848
  646. Salahi S214, 849, 850
  647. Salahi S214, 849, 850
  648. Saleh MA86, 115, 631, 851
  649. Salehi MA6, 63, 233, 372, 720, 890
  650. Salomon JA580
  651. Sanabria J413, 853
  652. Sanjeev RK854
  653. Sanmarchi F477, 841
  654. Santricmilicevic MM10, 58, 108, 346, 347, 431, 645, 714
  655. Sarasmita MA635, 856
  656. Sargazi S210
  657. Sathian B154, 857
  658. Sathish T805
  659. Sawhney M521, 858
  660. Schlaich MP494, 859
  661. Schmidt MI436
  662. Schuermans A861, 862
  663. Seidu AA103, 863
  664. Kumar NS542, 625, 864
  665. Sepanlou SG57, 518
  666. Sethi Y865
  667. Seylani A866
  668. Shabany M64, 459, 521
  669. Shafaghat T519, 867
  670. Shafeghat M2, 40, 47, 176, 521, 769
  671. Shafie M65, 521
  672. Shah NS868
  673. Shahid S869
  674. Shaikh MA870
  675. Shanawaz M500, 521
  676. Shannawaz M521, 598
  677. Sharfaei S31, 871
  678. Shashamo BB872
  679. Shiri R873
  680. Shittu A874
  681. Shivakumar KM695, 875
  682. Shivalli S545
  683. Shobeiri P10, 58, 108, 311, 346, 431, 645, 714
  684. Shokri F841, 877
  685. Shuval K878, 879
  686. Sibhat MM584
  687. Silva LMR880, 881
  688. Simpson CR783, 882
  689. Singh JA883, 884
  690. Singh P846
  691. Singh S366, 374, 437
  692. Siraj MS534
  693. Skryabina AA886
  694. Sohag AAM888
  695. Soleimani H34, 93, 213, 310, 693
  696. Solikhah S889
  697. Soltanizangbar MS122
  698. Somayaji R6, 63, 233, 372, 720, 890
  699. Sorensen RJD1, 7, 558
  700. Starodubova AV887, 892
  701. Sujata S893
  702. Suleman M521, 894, 895
  703. Sun J129, 896
  704. Sundstrom J638, 898
  705. Tabaresseisdedos R899, 900
  706. Tabatabaei SM17, 18, 697
  707. Tabatabaeizadeh SA902
  708. Tabish M136
  709. Taheri M44, 215
  710. Taheri E177
  711. Taki E66
  712. Tamuzi JJLL559, 903
  713. Tan KK50, 160, 410, 807
  714. Tat NY904, 905
  715. Taye BT906
  716. Temesgen WA267, 306, 326, 472
  717. Temsah MH907
  718. Tesler R908
  719. Thangaraju P909
  720. Thankappan KR910
  721. Thapa R911, 912
  722. Tharwat S852
  723. Thomas N913
  724. Ticoalu JHV914
  725. Tiyuri A716
  726. Tonelli M6, 63, 233, 372, 720, 890
  727. Tovanipalone MR368, 696, 915
  728. Trico D916
  729. Trihandini I641
  730. Tripathy JP917
  731. Tromans SJ651, 918
  732. Tsegay GM267, 306, 326, 472
  733. Tualeka AR919
  734. Tufa DG920
  735. Tyrovolas S901, 921
  736. Ullah S922, 923
  737. Upadhyay E625
  738. Vahabi SM67
  739. Vaithinathan AG924
  740. Valizadeh R704
  741. Van Daalen KR385, 925
  742. Vart P95
  743. Varthya SB366, 374, 437
  744. Vasankari TJ926, 927
  745. Vaziri S676
  746. Verma MV845
  747. Verras GI725, 784
  748. Vo DC10, 58, 108, 346, 431, 645, 714
  749. Wagaye B317, 510
  750. Waheed Y928, 930
  751. Wang Z572, 810
  752. Wang Y931, 932
  753. Wang C50, 160, 162, 410, 807
  754. Wang F933
  755. Wassie GT307
  756. Wei MYW934, 935
  757. Weldemariam AH473
  758. Westerman R722
  759. Wickramasinghe ND936
  760. Wu Y8
  761. Wulandari RDWI680
  762. Xia J885
  763. Xiao H164, 929
  764. Xu S365, 876
  765. Xu X100, 897
  766. Yada DY1
  767. Yang L831, 891
  768. Yatsuya H829, 847
  769. Yesiltepe M744, 812
  770. Yi S681, 808
  771. Yohannis HK244
  772. Yonemoto N561, 563
  773. You Y249, 488
  774. Zaman SB6, 63, 233, 372, 534, 720, 890
  775. Zamora N549
  776. Zare I466
  777. Zarea K341
  778. Zarrintan A52, 119, 206
  779. Zastrozhin MS441, 454
  780. Zeru NG327, 417
  781. Zhang ZJ390
  782. Zhong C523
  783. Zhou J339
  784. Zielinska M766
  785. Zikarg YT193
  786. Zodpey S398
  787. Zoladl M79
  788. Zou Z573
  789. Zumla A190, 386
  790. Zuniga YMH110, 594
  791. Magliano DJ234, 860
  792. Murray CJL1, 3
  793. Hay SI1, 3
  794. Vos T1, 3
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
  2. 2. School of Medicine
  3. 3. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine
  4. 4. Department of Applied Mathematics
  5. 5. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
  6. 6. Department of Medicine
  7. 7. Department of Global Health
  8. 8. Division of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  9. 9. General Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA, United States
  10. 10. Faculty of Medicine, France
  11. 11. E-Learning Center
  12. 12. Clinical Research Development Unit
  13. 13. Metabolic Syndrome Research Center
  14. 14. International UNESCO Center for Health-related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition
  15. 15. Applied Biomedical Research Center
  16. 16. Biotechnology Research Center, Japan
  17. 17. Department of Medical Informatics
  18. 18. Clinial Research Development Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  19. 19. Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement, Aleta Wondo Hospital, Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia
  20. 20. Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  21. 21. Department of Orthopedic Surgery
  22. 22. Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
  23. 23. T.H. Chan School of Public Health
  24. 24. Center for Primary Care
  25. 25. Department of Environmental Health
  26. 26. Division of Cardiology
  27. 27. Maternal Fetal Care Center
  28. 28. Cardiovascular Department
  29. 29. Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology
  30. 30. Department of Global Health and Population
  31. 31. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  32. 32. Orthopaedic Surgery
  33. 33. Social Determinants of Health Research Center
  34. 34. Department of Epidemiology
  35. 35. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute
  36. 36. Psychiatric Nursing and Management Department
  37. 37. Obesity Research Center
  38. 38. Functional Neurosurgery Research Center
  39. 39. Department of Genetics
  40. 40. School of Medicine
  41. 41. Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences
  42. 42. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center
  43. 43. Ophthalmic Research Center
  44. 44. Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  45. 45. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center
  46. 46. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies
  47. 47. School of Medicine
  48. 48. Department of Scientific Research
  49. 49. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute
  50. 50. Department of Surgery
  51. 51. Ophthalmology Department
  52. 52. Department of Radiology
  53. 53. Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iran
  54. 54. Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute
  55. 55. Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Tehran Heart Center
  56. 56. Children's Medical Center
  57. 57. Digestive Diseases Research Institute
  58. 58. Faculty of Medicine, France
  59. 59. National Institute for Health Research
  60. 60. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC)
  61. 61. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Iran
  62. 62. Department of Cardiology
  63. 63. Department of Medicine
  64. 64. Sina Trauma Research Center, Iran
  65. 65. Department of Neurology
  66. 66. Department of Microbiology
  67. 67. Faculty Of Medicine, France
  68. 68. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  69. 69. Epidemiology Department
  70. 70. Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  71. 71. Evidence-Based Practice Center
  72. 72. Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
  73. 73. Community and Maternity Nursing Unit, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
  74. 74. School of Planning, Faculty of Environment
  75. 75. School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  76. 76. Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
  77. 77. Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
  78. 78. Laboratory Technology Sciences Department
  79. 79. Department of Nursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  80. 80. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  81. 81. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
  82. 82. Clinical Sciences Department
  83. 83. Department of Physiotherapy
  84. 84. Department of Basic Medical Sciences
  85. 85. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics
  86. 86. College of Medicine
  87. 87. Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, United Arab Emirates
  88. 88. Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  89. 89. Department of Surgery, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  90. 90. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  91. 91. College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
  92. 92. Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology
  93. 93. Department of Epidemiology
  94. 94. University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
  95. 95. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  96. 96. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care
  97. 97. Department of Public Health
  98. 98. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
  99. 99. Centre for Social Research in Health
  100. 100. School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  101. 101. Quality and Systems Performance Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  102. 102. Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
  103. 103. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
  104. 104. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  105. 105. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Galveston, TX, United States
  106. 106. HIV and Infectious Diseases Department, Jhpiego, Abuja, Nigeria
  107. 107. Adolescent Research and Care Department, Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
  108. 108. Faculty of Medicine, France
  109. 109. Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation
  110. 110. Health Technology Assessment Unit, Department of Health Philippines, Manila, Philippines
  111. 111. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics
  112. 112. Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training
  113. 113. Faculty of Public Health
  114. 114. Department of Health Promotion and Education
  115. 115. College of Medicine
  116. 116. Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  117. 117. Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  118. 118. Medical Imaging Sciences Research Team
  119. 119. Department of Radiology
  120. 120. Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine
  121. 121. Cardiovascular Research Center
  122. 122. Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  123. 123. Center for Policy, Population & Health Research
  124. 124. Clinical Epidemiology
  125. 125. Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  126. 126. Unidad de Emergencia Adulto, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sotero del Rio, Santiago de Chile, Chile
  127. 127. Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
  128. 128. School of Public Health, Ghana
  129. 129. School of Computing Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  130. 130. Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  131. 131. Public Health Foundation of India, Gandhinagar, India
  132. 132. Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine
  133. 133. Department of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  134. 134. Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
  135. 135. Department of Medical Biochemistry
  136. 136. Department of Pharmacology, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
  137. 137. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
  138. 138. Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center
  139. 139. Department of Nursing, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  140. 140. School of Public Health, Ghana
  141. 141. Department of Primary Care and Public Health
  142. 142. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  143. 143. Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
  144. 144. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  145. 145. School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
  146. 146. Department of Pharmacy, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  147. 147. Institute of Public Health, Finland
  148. 148. Family Medicine Department
  149. 149. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  150. 150. Brody School of Medicine
  151. 151. Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
  152. 152. Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Institute of Nutrition, Tehran, Iran
  153. 153. Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  154. 154. Geriatric and Long Term Care Department
  155. 155. Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  156. 156. Clinical Research Support Center, Kagawa University Hospital, Miki-cho, Japan
  157. 157. Institute of Global Health, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
  158. 158. Department of Biology, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain
  159. 159. John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine
  160. 160. Department of Surgery
  161. 161. Program in Physical Therapy
  162. 162. Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
  163. 163. Clinical Epidemiology Center
  164. 164. Department of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  165. 165. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
  166. 166. Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics
  167. 167. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health
  168. 168. Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  169. 169. Center for Health Systems Research
  170. 170. Health and Nutrition Research Center
  171. 171. Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research
  172. 172. Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  173. 173. Global Health Entrepreneurship, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
  174. 174. Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States
  175. 175. Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center
  176. 176. School of Medicine
  177. 177. Department of Environmental Health Engineering
  178. 178. Department of Ophthalmology
  179. 179. Emergency Department
  180. 180. Department of Biology
  181. 181. Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  182. 182. Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
  183. 183. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
  184. 184. Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  185. 185. Department of Community Medicine
  186. 186. Pediatric Dentistry Department
  187. 187. Rabigh Faculty of Medicine
  188. 188. Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  189. 189. Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the), Barranquilla, Colombia
  190. 190. NIHR-Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR-BRC), University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  191. 191. Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
  192. 192. Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy
  193. 193. Department of Anatomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  194. 194. School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong
  195. 195. Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  196. 196. Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
  197. 197. Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
  198. 198. Cardiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  199. 199. Ophthalmology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  200. 200. Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  201. 201. Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  202. 202. Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
  203. 203. School of Nursing and Midwifery
  204. 204. Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  205. 205. Special Interest Group International Health, Public Health Association of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  206. 206. Department of Radiology
  207. 207. Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  208. 208. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
  209. 209. Health Promotion Research Center
  210. 210. Department of Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  211. 211. School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
  212. 212. Health Management and Economics Research Center
  213. 213. Department of Epidemiology
  214. 214. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center
  215. 215. Trauma and Injury Research Center
  216. 216. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
  217. 217. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  218. 218. College of Art and Science, Ottawa University, Surprise, AZ, United States
  219. 219. College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
  220. 220. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
  221. 221. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
  222. 222. Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
  223. 223. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  224. 224. School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
  225. 225. Department of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
  226. 226. Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
  227. 227. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  228. 228. Community Medicine and Rehabilitation - Physiotherapy Section, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
  229. 229. Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  230. 230. School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine
  231. 231. Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine
  232. 232. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
  233. 233. Department of Medicine
  234. 234. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  235. 235. Department of Nutrition
  236. 236. Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
  237. 237. Department of Clinical Biochemistrys, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  238. 238. Department of Clinical Chemistry
  239. 239. Department of Clinical Pharmacy
  240. 240. Institute of Public Health, Finland
  241. 241. Department of Human Physiology
  242. 242. Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior
  243. 243. Department of Clinical Midwifery
  244. 244. Department of Statistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  245. 245. School of Health & Society
  246. 246. School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
  247. 247. Menzies Centre for Health Policy
  248. 248. Sydney Medical School
  249. 249. Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  250. 250. Department of Medical Genetics, United Kingdom
  251. 251. Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  252. 252. Department of Immunology
  253. 253. Department of Pharmacology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  254. 254. Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
  255. 255. Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
  256. 256. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
  257. 257. Department of Nephrology, India
  258. 258. Manipal TATA Medical College
  259. 259. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  260. 260. Department of Nursing, Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Semnan, Iran
  261. 261. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  262. 262. Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
  263. 263. Department of Nutritional Sciences
  264. 264. Temerty Faculty of Medicine
  265. 265. Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  266. 266. Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
  267. 267. Department of Nursing
  268. 268. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  269. 269. Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  270. 270. Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  271. 271. Department of Parasitology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  272. 272. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  273. 273. School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
  274. 274. University Institute of Public Health
  275. 275. Department of Oral Biology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  276. 276. Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
  277. 277. Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Team
  278. 278. Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  279. 279. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies GF Ingrassia
  280. 280. Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties
  281. 281. Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  282. 282. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
  283. 283. Department of Molecular Microbiology
  284. 284. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  285. 285. Department of Translational Medicine
  286. 286. Florida International University, United States
  287. 287. Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
  288. 288. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  289. 289. Programs, Partnerships, Research and Education, International Diabetes Federation, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  290. 290. International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium
  291. 291. Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
  292. 292. Department of Public & Environmental Health, University of The Gambia, Brikama, Gambia
  293. 293. Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Kotu, Gambia
  294. 294. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
  295. 295. Neuroscience Research Center
  296. 296. Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  297. 297. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  298. 298. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
  299. 299. Indian Institute of Public Health, Gurgaon, India
  300. 300. Department of Medical Education, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
  301. 301. Department of Public Health Nutrition
  302. 302. School of Health Science
  303. 303. Adult Health Nursing
  304. 304. Department of Health Informatics
  305. 305. Department of Medical Physiology
  306. 306. Department of Nursing
  307. 307. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  308. 308. Department of Surgery, Jimma University, jimma, Ethiopia
  309. 309. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute
  310. 310. Department of Epidemiology
  311. 311. Department of International Studies
  312. 312. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  313. 313. Department of Medical Anatomy
  314. 314. Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  315. 315. Department of Medical Laboratory Science
  316. 316. Department of Environmental Health
  317. 317. Department of Public Health Nutrition, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  318. 318. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be University, Karad, India
  319. 319. Biological Sciences Department
  320. 320. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO)
  321. 321. Institute for Research and Innovation in Health
  322. 322. Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  323. 323. Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  324. 324. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  325. 325. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
  326. 326. Department of Nursing
  327. 327. Department of Statistics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  328. 328. Global Health Neurology Lab, NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  329. 329. Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, South West Sydney Local Heath District and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  330. 330. Department of General Medicine
  331. 331. Department of Internal Medicine
  332. 332. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  333. 333. Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
  334. 334. Scientific-Tools.Org, Bergamo, Italy
  335. 335. RADS-GBD and DEEP Unit MoNHSRC, Independent Consultant, Islamabad, Pakistan
  336. 336. Data Evaluation and Evidence for Policy (DEEP Unit), Ministry of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
  337. 337. Department of Health Behaviour, Environment and Social Medicine
  338. 338. Center of Health and Behavior and Promotion, Universitas Gadjah Mada (Gadjah Mada), Sleman, Indonesia
  339. 339. School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
  340. 340. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
  341. 341. Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  342. 342. Faculty of Health Sciences
  343. 343. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  344. 344. Institute of Social Medicine, China
  345. 345. Centre School of Public Health and Management
  346. 346. Faculty of Medicine, France
  347. 347. School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  348. 348. School of Business Administration, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  349. 349. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  350. 350. Centro Regional Universitario Noreste, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Rivera, Uruguay
  351. 351. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
  352. 352. Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  353. 353. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
  354. 354. College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  355. 355. Centre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
  356. 356. Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
  357. 357. Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
  358. 358. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  359. 359. National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
  360. 360. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  361. 361. Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  362. 362. School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  363. 363. ICMR School of Public Health, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
  364. 364. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  365. 365. School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
  366. 366. Department of Pharmacology
  367. 367. Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  368. 368. Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals
  369. 369. Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  370. 370. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
  371. 371. Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  372. 372. Department of Medicine
  373. 373. Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
  374. 374. Department of Pharmacology
  375. 375. Centre for Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
  376. 376. Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
  377. 377. Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
  378. 378. Department of Epidemiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
  379. 379. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  380. 380. Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU-International School, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  381. 381. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria
  382. 382. Department of Health Informatics
  383. 383. Department of Behavioural Science and Health
  384. 384. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health
  385. 385. Institute for Global Health
  386. 386. Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  387. 387. Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom
  388. 388. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States
  389. 389. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Technologies Department, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario (Polytechnic and University Higher Education), Gandra, Portugal
  390. 390. School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  391. 391. Anatomy Department, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
  392. 392. Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health
  393. 393. Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
  394. 394. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
  395. 395. Section Global Health and Rehabilitation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
  396. 396. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  397. 397. Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
  398. 398. Indian Institute of Public Health
  399. 399. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  400. 400. Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Delhi, India
  401. 401. Ophthalmology Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucuresti, Romania
  402. 402. Department of Population and Development, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  403. 403. Department of Public Health, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
  404. 404. Department of Medical Ethics
  405. 405. School of Pharmacy, United Kingdom
  406. 406. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center
  407. 407. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center
  408. 408. Department of Medical.Surgical Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  409. 409. Epidemiology Branch, National Insititute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Durham, NC, United States
  410. 410. Department of Surgery
  411. 411. Department of Quantitative Health Science
  412. 412. Department of Neonatology
  413. 413. Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  414. 414. Institute of Health and Wellbeing
  415. 415. BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  416. 416. University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegowina, Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  417. 417. Department of Biostatistics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  418. 418. Department of Forensic Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  419. 419. Graduate Medical Education, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, India
  420. 420. Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
  421. 421. Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  422. 422. Pharmacology Department, Center for Life Sciences Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  423. 423. Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
  424. 424. Health Research Section
  425. 425. Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  426. 426. Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  427. 427. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Rosales, Mexico
  428. 428. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
  429. 429. Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  430. 430. Institute for Global Health Innovations
  431. 431. Faculty of Medicine, France
  432. 432. Institute of Research and Development
  433. 433. Institue for Research and Training in Medicine, Biology and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  434. 434. Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
  435. 435. Epidemiology and Data Analysis Laboratory, University Center FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
  436. 436. Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  437. 437. Department of Pharmacology
  438. 438. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India
  439. 439. Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  440. 440. School of Health Sciences
  441. 441. Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
  442. 442. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria
  443. 443. Division of Cardiology
  444. 444. Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  445. 445. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
  446. 446. Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
  447. 447. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  448. 448. Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  449. 449. Zoonotic Disease Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  450. 450. MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
  451. 451. National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
  452. 452. School of Nursing, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  453. 453. Institute of Public Health, Finland
  454. 454. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  455. 455. Center for Research in Indigenous Health, Maya Health Alliance, Tecpan, Guatemala
  456. 456. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  457. 457. Biomaterials and Medicinal Chemistry Research Centre
  458. 458. Trauma Research Center
  459. 459. Department of Community Health, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  460. 460. Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
  461. 461. Food Technology Department, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  462. 462. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  463. 463. School of Global Health, Institute of Health & Management, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  464. 464. Department of Occupational Therapy, Mahatma Gandhi Occupational Therapy College, Jaipur, India
  465. 465. Faculty of Business and Management, Universidad Autonoma de Chile (Autonomous University of Chile), Talca, Chile
  466. 466. Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran
  467. 467. Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, India
  468. 468. Discipline of Population Health
  469. 469. Health Economics Unit
  470. 470. College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  471. 471. Department of Reproductive Health
  472. 472. Department of Nursing
  473. 473. Department of Adult Health Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  474. 474. Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  475. 475. Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  476. 476. Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  477. 477. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  478. 478. Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
  479. 479. Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, North Macedonia
  480. 480. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medicla University, Hefei, China
  481. 481. Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goi's, Goiania, Brazil
  482. 482. College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
  483. 483. Department of Preventive Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India
  484. 484. Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India
  485. 485. Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
  486. 486. School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
  487. 487. Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences
  488. 488. Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  489. 489. Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  490. 490. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  491. 491. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
  492. 492. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  493. 493. Medical School
  494. 494. Dobney Hypertension Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  495. 495. Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
  496. 496. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  497. 497. Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
  498. 498. Research & Scientific Studies Unit
  499. 499. Epidemiology Department
  500. 500. Department of Health Education and Promotion, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  501. 501. Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  502. 502. Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
  503. 503. Department of Public Health, German University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  504. 504. Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  505. 505. Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
  506. 506. School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  507. 507. Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  508. 508. National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC)
  509. 509. Knowledge Translation Directorate
  510. 510. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Unit, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  511. 511. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology
  512. 512. Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
  513. 513. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  514. 514. Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
  515. 515. Independent Consultant, Santa Clara, CA, United States
  516. 516. Maternal Fetal Medicine Research Center
  517. 517. Research Consultation Center (RCC)
  518. 518. Non-communicable Disease Research Center
  519. 519. School of Public health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  520. 520. Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  521. 521. Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  522. 522. Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  523. 523. Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  524. 524. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  525. 525. Research Division, ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  526. 526. Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation
  527. 527. Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
  528. 528. School of Biotechnology, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
  529. 529. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
  530. 530. Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan
  531. 531. International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
  532. 532. Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  533. 533. Department of Health Research, ICMR National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
  534. 534. Maternal and Child Health Division
  535. 535. Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  536. 536. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  537. 537. Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Kedah, Malaysia
  538. 538. Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong, Malaysia
  539. 539. Public Health Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
  540. 540. Department of Health Management
  541. 541. Department of Biochemistry
  542. 542. College of Public Health & Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
  543. 543. Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
  544. 544. Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology
  545. 545. Medical Statistics Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  546. 546. School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
  547. 547. Knowledge Translation Program, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  548. 548. Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  549. 549. Colegio Medico La Paz Bolivia (Medical College of La), La Paz, Bolivia
  550. 550. Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint- Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
  551. 551. Department of Immunology
  552. 552. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
  553. 553. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  554. 554. College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  555. 555. Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
  556. 556. Non-Communicable Disease Department, National Health Mission, Lucknow, India
  557. 557. Department of Medicine, Mahavir Sikshan Sansthan, Kanpur, India
  558. 558. Department of Global Health
  559. 559. Department of Epidemiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  560. 560. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
  561. 561. Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  562. 562. Central Research Wing and Faculty of Physiotherapy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Chennai, India
  563. 563. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  564. 564. Department of Public Health, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
  565. 565. Community Health Sciences Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  566. 566. Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
  567. 567. Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India
  568. 568. Department of Physiology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  569. 569. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  570. 570. Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  571. 571. Department of Global Health, School of Public Health
  572. 572. China Centre for Health Development Studies
  573. 573. Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
  574. 574. Zoonoses Research Center, Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
  575. 575. Department of Clinical Sciences
  576. 576. Department of Biochemistry, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  577. 577. Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  578. 578. Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  579. 579. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  580. 580. Center for Health Policy & Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
  581. 581. Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria
  582. 582. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  583. 583. School of Public Health, Ghana
  584. 584. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
  585. 585. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishna institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University, Karad, India
  586. 586. Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases
  587. 587. Health Services Management Department
  588. 588. Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  589. 589. Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  590. 590. UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
  591. 591. School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
  592. 592. Centre for Tropical Diseases and Global Health, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic Congo
  593. 593. Department of ENT, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Mohali, India
  594. 594. MentalHealthPH, Quezon City, Philippines
  595. 595. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Faroe Islands
  596. 596. Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  597. 597. Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences
  598. 598. Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Noida, India
  599. 599. Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, United Kingdom
  600. 600. Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman, Nizwa, Oman
  601. 601. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  602. 602. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
  603. 603. National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  604. 604. School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  605. 605. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
  606. 606. Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
  607. 607. Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
  608. 608. Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, MA, United States
  609. 609. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  610. 610. Department of International Health and Sustainable Development
  611. 611. Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
  612. 612. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  613. 613. Department of Physiology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
  614. 614. Department of General Practice - Family Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
  615. 615. Department of Epidemiology, IQVIA, Frankfurt, Germany
  616. 616. Department of Gynecology, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
  617. 617. Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  618. 618. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
  619. 619. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  620. 620. Department of Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital, Chennai, India
  621. 621. Department of Demography
  622. 622. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  623. 623. Department of Mathematics, Uruguay
  624. 624. Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
  625. 625. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
  626. 626. Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  627. 627. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
  628. 628. Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Indonesia
  629. 629. Nursing School
  630. 630. Department of Global Health and Health Security
  631. 631. College of Medicine
  632. 632. Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  633. 633. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics
  634. 634. College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  635. 635. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  636. 636. Department of Nephrology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, India
  637. 637. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  638. 638. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  639. 639. Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
  640. 640. Centre for Family Welfare, Indonesia
  641. 641. Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  642. 642. Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
  643. 643. Internal Medicine Department
  644. 644. Department of General Medicine
  645. 645. Faculty of Medicine, France
  646. 646. University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  647. 647. Cardiovascular Department, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IN, United States
  648. 648. School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
  649. 649. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
  650. 650. Medial Research Collaborating Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
  651. 651. Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  652. 652. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
  653. 653. Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea
  654. 654. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
  655. 655. Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
  656. 656. Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  657. 657. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
  658. 658. Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  659. 659. Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, United States
  660. 660. Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
  661. 661. Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
  662. 662. Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena, Germany
  663. 663. School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
  664. 664. Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  665. 665. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center
  666. 666. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  667. 667. Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah, Saudi Arabia
  668. 668. Cardiovascular Research Department, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IL, United States
  669. 669. Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
  670. 670. Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
  671. 671. Material Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
  672. 672. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
  673. 673. Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  674. 674. Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
  675. 675. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center
  676. 676. Department of Infectious Disease, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  677. 677. Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya - Barcelona Tech - UPC, Barcelona, Spain
  678. 678. Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  679. 679. Faculty of Public Health
  680. 680. Health Policy and Administration - Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga), Surabaya, Indonesia
  681. 681. KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Khana, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
  682. 682. Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia
  683. 683. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
  684. 684. Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
  685. 685. Department of Public Health, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
  686. 686. Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
  687. 687. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
  688. 688. Department of Medicine, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
  689. 689. Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  690. 690. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  691. 691. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  692. 692. Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  693. 693. Department of Epidemiology
  694. 694. National Cancer Registry, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
  695. 695. Department of Public Health Dentistry
  696. 696. Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals
  697. 697. Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
  698. 698. Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India
  699. 699. CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases
  700. 700. Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
  701. 701. Internal Medicine Programme, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  702. 702. Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  703. 703. Social Determinants of Health Center
  704. 704. Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
  705. 705. Department of Public Health, Aksum University, Axum, Ethiopia
  706. 706. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
  707. 707. Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
  708. 708. Molecular Biology Unit
  709. 709. Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan
  710. 710. Department of Pharmacology, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  711. 711. Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
  712. 712. Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  713. 713. Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
  714. 714. Faculty of Medicine, France
  715. 715. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center
  716. 716. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  717. 717. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
  718. 718. Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Univeristy of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
  719. 719. Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
  720. 720. Department of Medicine
  721. 721. Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  722. 722. Competence Center of Mortality-Follow- Up of the German National Cohort
  723. 723. Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  724. 724. Center for Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany
  725. 725. Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
  726. 726. Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
  727. 727. Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
  728. 728. Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Villa de Alvarez, Mexico
  729. 729. Postgraduate in Medical Sciences, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
  730. 730. School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
  731. 731. Department of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
  732. 732. Health Workforce Department, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
  733. 733. College of Health Sciences, Medical Laboratory Analysis Department, Sulaimaniya, Iraq
  734. 734. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  735. 735. Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
  736. 736. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
  737. 737. Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
  738. 738. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  739. 739. Department of Cardiology, Cardio-Aid, Bucharest, Romania
  740. 740. Department of Surgery, Danang Family Hospital, Danang, Viet Nam
  741. 741. International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  742. 742. Institute for Mental Health and Policy, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
  743. 743. Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang (State University of), Kota Semarang, Indonesia
  744. 744. Clinical Investigation Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
  745. 745. Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
  746. 746. Center for Public Health, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
  747. 747. Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
  748. 748. Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders
  749. 749. School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  750. 750. Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria
  751. 751. Department of Physiology, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria
  752. 752. Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
  753. 753. Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  754. 754. School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  755. 755. Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria
  756. 756. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
  757. 757. Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Patna, India
  758. 758. Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India
  759. 759. Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  760. 760. School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
  761. 761. Department of Medical Physiology, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Nigeria
  762. 762. Department of Medical Physiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  763. 763. Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria
  764. 764. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  765. 765. Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care
  766. 766. Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  767. 767. Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  768. 768. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Institute for Health Research Foundation Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
  769. 769. School of Medicine
  770. 770. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  771. 771. Optometry and Vision Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
  772. 772. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  773. 773. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Mangalore, India
  774. 774. Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
  775. 775. Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
  776. 776. Board of Directors, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
  777. 777. Privatpraxis, Heidelberg, Germany
  778. 778. Research Department, Public Health Research Society Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  779. 779. Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
  780. 780. Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  781. 781. Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
  782. 782. Global Health Governance Programme
  783. 783. Usher Institute
  784. 784. College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  785. 785. School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
  786. 786. Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dallas, TX, United States
  787. 787. Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
  788. 788. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
  789. 789. Emergency Department, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
  790. 790. Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines
  791. 791. Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
  792. 792. Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy
  793. 793. Department of Biology, University of Bahrain, Sakir, Bahrain
  794. 794. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  795. 795. Faculty of Medicine, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
  796. 796. Medical College, Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh
  797. 797. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
  798. 798. Research and Development Coordination, Health Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
  799. 799. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, Tokyo, Japan
  800. 800. Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  801. 801. School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
  802. 802. Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
  803. 803. Department of Nutrition Science, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
  804. 804. Department of Cardiology
  805. 805. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  806. 806. Leadership Institute for Global Health Transformation (LIGHT)
  807. 807. Department of Surgery
  808. 808. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  809. 809. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health
  810. 810. Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  811. 811. Research and Innovation Division, South Asian Institute for Social Transformation (SAIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  812. 812. Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
  813. 813. Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  814. 814. Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Belgrade, Serbia
  815. 815. Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
  816. 816. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
  817. 817. Data Analytic Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  818. 818. University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  819. 819. Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
  820. 820. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
  821. 821. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  822. 822. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  823. 823. Department Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt
  824. 824. Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt
  825. 825. Centre for Excellence in Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
  826. 826. Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
  827. 827. Critical Care Department, Clinica Universidad De La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
  828. 828. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  829. 829. Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
  830. 830. College of Nursing, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri (Bhakti Wiyata Kediri Institute of Health), Kediri, Indonesia
  831. 831. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
  832. 832. Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Pakistan, Dir Upper, Pakistan
  833. 833. Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroismo, Portugal
  834. 834. Department of Geography and Demography, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
  835. 835. Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
  836. 836. Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
  837. 837. Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu' Kawoq Maya Health Alliance, Tecpan, Guatemala
  838. 838. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  839. 839. Cardiovascular Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
  840. 840. Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  841. 841. Multidisciplinary Laboratory Foundation University School of Health Sciences (FUSH), Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  842. 842. International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan
  843. 843. Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
  844. 844. Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  845. 845. Department of Community and Family Medicine
  846. 846. Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
  847. 847. Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
  848. 848. Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Pakistan, Gujrat, Pakistan
  849. 849. Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products Department, Royan Institution, Tehran, Iran
  850. 850. Medical Laboratory, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  851. 851. Faculty of Pharmacy, France
  852. 852. Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  853. 853. Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  854. 854. Department of Pediatrics
  855. 855. Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, BK, Loni, India
  856. 856. Pharmacy Study Program, Udayana University, Badung, Indonesia
  857. 857. Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  858. 858. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
  859. 859. Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory
  860. 860. Diabetes and Population Health Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  861. 861. Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States
  862. 862. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
  863. 863. Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  864. 864. Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
  865. 865. Department of Medicine and Surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India
  866. 866. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
  867. 867. School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  868. 868. Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  869. 869. Biochemistry Department, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  870. 870. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  871. 871. Department of Clinical Review and Safety, Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, United States
  872. 872. Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
  873. 873. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
  874. 874. Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
  875. 875. Department of Public Health Dentistry
  876. 876. Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
  877. 877. Department of Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
  878. 878. School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  879. 879. The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
  880. 880. Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
  881. 881. Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
  882. 882. School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
  883. 883. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  884. 884. Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, United States
  885. 885. School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
  886. 886. Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology
  887. 887. Department of Internal Disease, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  888. 888. School of Health and Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  889. 889. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  890. 890. Department of Medicine
  891. 891. Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  892. 892. Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
  893. 893. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
  894. 894. Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
  895. 895. School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
  896. 896. School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
  897. 897. Cardiovascular Program
  898. 898. The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  899. 899. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  900. 900. Carlos III Health Institute
  901. 901. Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
  902. 902. Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  903. 903. Department of Medicine, Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia
  904. 904. Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
  905. 905. Research and Innovation Department, Enventure Medical Innovation, Houston, TX, United States
  906. 906. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berehan, Ethiopia
  907. 907. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  908. 908. Health Management Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
  909. 909. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
  910. 910. Public Health Department, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
  911. 911. Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  912. 912. Monitoring and Evaluation Department, Nepal Development Society, Kathmandu, Nepal
  913. 913. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
  914. 914. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado, Indonesia
  915. 915. Modestum LTD, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
  916. 916. Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
  917. 917. Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
  918. 918. Adult Learning Disability Service, Leicestershire Partnership National Health Service Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
  919. 919. Department Occupational Health and Safety, Universitas Airlngga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  920. 920. Public Health Department, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia
  921. 921. St. John of God Health Park, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Barcelona, Spain
  922. 922. Department of Zoology
  923. 923. Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  924. 924. College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Salmanya, Bahrain
  925. 925. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  926. 926. UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
  927. 927. Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
  928. 928. Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
  929. 929. School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
  930. 930. Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
  931. 931. Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
  932. 932. Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States
  933. 933. School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
  934. 934. Medicine, General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  935. 935. Division of General Internal Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  936. 936. Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

Source: The Lancet Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. Findings: In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. Interpretation: Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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