Etiology and Pathology of Enuresis Among Primary School Children in Isfahan, Iran Pubmed



Azhir A¹ ; Nasseri F¹ ; Fazel A¹ ; Adibi A² ; Frajzadegan Z³ ; Divband AH¹ Show Affiliations
Source: Saudi Medical Journal Published:2007

Abstract

Objective: To determine the etiology ad pathogenesis of enuresis among primary school children by using a special ultrasound (US) protocol for the assessment of bladder dysfunction and to compare excretion of urinary sodium ad clacium in enuretic children. Methods: We conducted this cross sectional study on 66 enuretic children aged 6-12 years from September 2005 to January 2006 in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Ultrasound using bladder volume and wall thickness index (BVWI%), and expected percentage bladder volume index for kidney volume. Results: Sixty children (90.9%) had nocturnal enuesis, 5 (7.5%) had diurnal enuresis and one child (1.6%) had nocturnal and diurnal enuresis. Urinary infection was detected in one child (1.5%). The incidence of urinary system adnormalities was 10.6% in all enuretic children. Hypercalciuria was seen in 9.2% and natriuresis in 20.3%. Normal bladder function (BVWI 70% to <130%) was seen in 67%, snall bladder capacity with a thin wall (BVWI <130%) was seen in 60% of children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE). There was a significant difference in BVWI between children with PNE and secondary nocturnal enuries (p=0.01). Conclusion: Enuresis is a common problem among school children and associated urinary abnormalities are not uncommon. Our results show that US measured bladder parameters can provide useful clues for the undelying bladder dysfunction and may help to guide clinical management.