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Is Ckd Screening Program Necessary in Developing Countries? Publisher Pubmed



Gheissari A1 ; Riahinezhad M2 ; Mehrkash M3 ; Merrikhi A3 ; Madihi Y3 ; Farajzadegan Z4 ; Esteki B5 ; Amini N5 ; Saeidi M5 ; Vard B5 ; Kermani R6 ; Kelishadi R5 ; Pourmirzaiee MA5 ; Ghanei A5 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Gheissari A1
  2. Riahinezhad M2
  3. Mehrkash M3
  4. Merrikhi A3
  5. Madihi Y3
  6. Farajzadegan Z4
  7. Esteki B5
  8. Amini N5
  9. Saeidi M5
  10. Vard B5
  11. Kermani R6
  12. Kelishadi R5
  13. Pourmirzaiee MA5
  14. Ghanei A5
  15. Azin N5
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Nephrology Research Center, Isfahan Acquired Immune Deficiency Research Center, Pediatric Nephrology Department, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Radiology Department, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Pediatric Nephrology Department, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Community Medicine Department, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Pediatrics Department, Isfahan, Iran
  6. 6. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Clinical Toxicology Department, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases Published:2023


Abstract

Introduction. The prevalence of congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and related chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be increased in countries with higher rate of consanguineous marriage. Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence of CKD by biochemical and kidney ultrasound measurements in the first-grade pupils. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried on children aged 6 to 7 years. Urine analysis, serum creatinine, urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio and kidney ultrasound have been evaluated for participants. Results. 653 children were recruited to the study. Stage 1 and stage 2 systolic hypertension have been found in 6.5 and 1%, respectively. The percentage of stage 1 and stage 2 diastolic hypertension were 1.3 and 0.3%, respectively. Both weight Z-score and waist Z-score had positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Microalbuminuria (in 2.5%) did not have any correlation with the following factors: hypertension, body mass index, microscopic hematuria, glomerular filtration rate, kidney sonographic abnormalities or kidney parenchymal thickness and family history of kidney transplantation. GFR less than 90 mL/ min /1.73 m2 has been detected in 1.8% of the students. Only 1.7% had urine RBC more than 5 in each high-power field (hpf). Approximately 1.5% had anatomical abnormality of kidney and urinary tract (hydronephrosis or hydroureter). Conclusion. Considering the higher prevalence of elevated blood pressure and microalbuminuria in Iranian children, a CKD screening program based on evaluating microalbuminuria and blood pressure measurement is needed. However, irrespective of high prevalence of consanguineous marriage in Iran, using kidney ultrasound as a screening tool has not been recommended. © 2023, Iranian Society of Nephrology. All rights reserved.
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