Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Associations of Unprocessed and Processed Meat Intake With Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in 21 Countries [Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (Pure) Study]: A Prospective Cohort Study Publisher Pubmed



Iqbal R1 ; Dehghan M2 ; Mente A2 ; Rangarajan S2 ; Wielgosz A3 ; Avezum A4 ; Seron P5 ; Alhabib KF6 ; Lopezjaramillo P7 ; Swaminathan S8 ; Mohammadifard N9 ; Zatonska K10 ; Bo H11 ; Varma RP12 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Iqbal R1
  2. Dehghan M2
  3. Mente A2
  4. Rangarajan S2
  5. Wielgosz A3
  6. Avezum A4
  7. Seron P5
  8. Alhabib KF6
  9. Lopezjaramillo P7
  10. Swaminathan S8
  11. Mohammadifard N9
  12. Zatonska K10
  13. Bo H11
  14. Varma RP12
  15. Rahman O13
  16. Yusufali A14
  17. Lu Y11
  18. Ismail N15
  19. Rosengren A16
  20. Imeryuz N17
  21. Yeates K18
  22. Chifamba J19
  23. Dans A20
  24. Kumar R21
  25. Xiaoyun L11
  26. Tsolekile L22
  27. Khatib R23, 24
  28. Diaz R25
  29. Teo K2
  30. Yusuf S2
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Community Health Sciences and Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  2. 2. McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  3. 3. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  4. 4. International Research Centre, Hospital Alemao Oswaldo Cruz, University of Santo Amaro (UNISA), Sao Paulo, Brazil
  5. 5. Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
  6. 6. Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  7. 7. Masira Research Institute, Medical School, University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
  8. 8. Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Koramangala, Bangalore, India
  9. 9. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  11. 11. Medical Research and Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
  12. 12. Health Action by People, Thiruvananthapuram, Achutha Menon Center for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
  13. 13. University of Liberal Arts, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  14. 14. Dubai Medical University, Hatta Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  15. 15. Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  16. 16. University of Gothenburg and Region Vastra Gotaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
  17. 17. Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
  18. 18. Queen's University, Department of Medicine, Canada and Pamoja Tunaweza Research Center, Moshi, Tanzania
  19. 19. University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
  20. 20. Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
  21. 21. Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
  22. 22. School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
  23. 23. Birzeit University, Institute for Community and Public Health, Birzeit, Palestine
  24. 24. Advocate Research Institute, Advocate Health Care, Chicago, IL, United States
  25. 25. Clinical Studies Latin America, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina

Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Published:2021


Abstract

Background: Dietary guidelines recommend limiting red meat intake because it is a major source of medium- and long-chain SFAs and is presumed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Evidence of an association between unprocessed red meat intake and CVD is inconsistent. Objective: The study aimed to assess the association of unprocessed red meat, poultry, and processed meat intake with mortality and major CVD. Methods: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study is a cohort of 134,297 individuals enrolled from 21 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Food intake was recorded using country-specific validated FFQs. The primary outcomes were total mortality and major CVD. HRs were estimated using multivariable Cox frailty models with random intercepts. Results: In the PURE study, during 9.5 y of follow-up, we recorded 7789 deaths and 6976 CVD events. Higher unprocessed red meat intake (≥250 g/wk vs. <50 g/wk) was not significantly associated with total mortality (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.02; P-trend = 0.14) or major CVD (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.11; P-trend = 0.72). Similarly, no association was observed between poultry intake and health outcomes. Higher intake of processed meat (≥150 g/wk vs. 0 g/wk) was associated with higher risk of total mortality (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.10; P-trend = 0.009) and major CVD (HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.98; P-trend = 0.004). Conclusions: In a large multinational prospective study, we did not find significant associations between unprocessed red meat and poultry intake and mortality or major CVD. Conversely, a higher intake of processed meat was associated with a higher risk of mortality and major CVD. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: Isfahan Cohort Study, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition (2022)
2. Associations of Fats and Carbohydrate Intake With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in 18 Countries From Five Continents (Pure): A Prospective Cohort Study, The Lancet (2017)
3. Association of Dairy Intake With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in 21 Countries From Five Continents (Pure): A Prospective Cohort Study, The Lancet (2018)
4. Diet, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality in 80 Countries, European Heart Journal (2023)
5. Differences in All-Cause Mortality Risk Associated With Animal and Plant Dietary Protein Sources Consumption, Scientific Reports (2023)
6. Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index and Alternative Healthy Eating Index Dietary Patterns and Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (2017)
7. Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality, New England Journal of Medicine (2021)
8. Red Meat Intake, Insulin Resistance, and Markers of Endothelial Function Among Iranian Women, Molecular Nutrition and Food Research (2015)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Nizal Sarrafzadegan (43)
Noushin Mohammadifard (43)
Other Related Docs
9. Is There a Relationship Between Red or Processed Meat Intake and Obesity? a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, Obesity Reviews (2014)
10. Meat Consumption and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: An Individual-Participant Federated Meta-Analysis of 1·97 Million Adults With 100 000 Incident Cases From 31 Cohorts in 20 Countries, The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology (2024)
11. Associations of Cereal Grains Intake With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Across 21 Countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology Study: Prospective Cohort Study, The BMJ (2021)
12. Long-Term Association of Red Meat Consumption and Lipid Profile: A 13-Year Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study, Nutrition (2021)
13. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Cardiovascular Events Rate: An Analysis From Isfahan Cohort Study (Ics), Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases (2024)
14. Red Meat, Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN (2021)
15. Ultra-Processed Foods and Mortality: Analysis From the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology Study, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2023)
16. Associations of Fish Consumption With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Among Individuals With or Without Vascular Disease From 58 Countries, JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)
17. Association of Dietary Nutrients With Blood Lipids and Blood Pressure in 18 Countries: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From the Pure Study, The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology (2017)
18. Red Meat Intake Is Associated With Metabolic Syndrome and the Plasma C-Reactive Protein Concentration in Women, Journal of Nutrition (2009)
19. Longitudinal Association of Dietary Fat Intake With Cardiovascular Events in a Prospective Cohort Study in Eastern Mediterranean Region, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition (2021)
20. The Relationship Between Animal Flesh Foods Consumption and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study, Nutrition Journal (2022)
21. Longitudinal Association of Dietary Carbohydrate and the Risk Cardiovascular Disease: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (2022)
22. The Longitudinal Association Between Soybean and Non-Soybean Legumes Intakes and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Isfahan Cohort Study, British Food Journal (2021)
23. A Case-Control Study of the Relationship Between Gastric Cancer and Meat Consumption in Iran, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2013)
24. The Relationship Between Ultra Processed Food Consumption and Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Iran Premature Coronary Artery Disease Study (Ipad), Frontiers in Nutrition (2023)
25. Processed Red Meat Intake and Risk of Copd: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies, Clinical Nutrition (2019)
26. Longitudinal Association of Nut Consumption and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Prospective Cohort Study in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Frontiers in Nutrition (2021)
27. Comparing the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality in Four Lifestyles With a Combination of High/Low Physical Activity and Healthy/Unhealthy Diet: A Prospective Cohort Study, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (2022)
28. The Association of Red Meat Consumption and Mental Health in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study, Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2021)
29. Dietary Patterns and Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease: Isfahan Cohort Study, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2017)
30. Coronary Artery Stenosis and Associations With Indicators of Anthropometric and Diet in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2018)
31. Intake of Legumes and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Frailty Modeling of a Prospective Cohort Study in the Iranian Middle-Aged and Older Population, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2016)
32. Effect of Low-Energy-Dense Diet Rich in Multiple Functional Foods on Weight-Loss Maintenance, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Journal of the American College of Nutrition (2018)
33. An Office-Based Cardiovascular Prediction Model Developed and Validated in Cohort Studies of a Middle-Income Country, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (2022)
34. Consumption of “Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet” and Odds of Breast Cancer Among Women in a Middle Eastern Country, Frontiers in Nutrition (2022)
35. The Association Between Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Total Carbohydrate Intake and Risk of Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Iran Premature Coronary Artery Disease Study (Ipad) - a Case-Control Study, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases (2024)
36. Population Food Intake Clusters and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence: A Bayesian Quantifying of a Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study in a Low and Middle-Income Country, Frontiers in Nutrition (2023)
37. Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease Attributable to Low Omega-3 Fatty Acids Intake in Iran: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, Journal of Tehran University Heart Center (2016)
38. Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study, Nutrition and Cancer (2023)
39. Association of the Elderly Dietary Index With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Elderly Men: A Cross-Sectional Study, Nutrition and Dietetics (2019)
40. Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Premature Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study, Nutrition and Food Science (2024)
41. Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (Dash) and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns in Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older Adults, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN (2020)
42. Association of Sitting Time With Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in High-Income, Middle-Income, and Low-Income Countries, JAMA Cardiology (2022)
43. Impact of the Components of Mediterranean Nutrition Regimen on Long-Term Prognosis of Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, ARYA Atherosclerosis (2013)
44. Whole Milk Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: Isfahan Cohort Study, European Journal of Nutrition (2019)
45. Comparison of Validity of the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Diet History Questionnaire for Assessment of Energy and Nutrients Intakes in an Iranian Population; [Comparaison De La Validite Du Questionnaire De Frequence Alimentaire Et Du Questionnaire Sur Les Habitudes Alimentaires Dans L’Evaluation Des Apports En Energie Et En Nutriments Dans Une Population Iranienne], Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal (2020)
46. Investigation of Adherence to Dash Diet Components and Reduction of Heart Failure Risk in Adults: A Case-Control Study, ARYA Atherosclerosis (2024)
47. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Frailty and Pre-Frailty in Elderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis With Grade Assessment, Ageing Research Reviews (2023)
48. Associations of the Glycaemic Index and the Glycaemic Load With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in 127 594 People From 20 Countries (Pure): A Prospective Cohort Study, The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology (2024)
49. Metabolic, Behavioural, and Psychosocial Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Women Compared With Men in 21 High-Income, Middle-Income, and Low-Income Countries: An Analysis of the Pure Study, The Lancet (2022)
50. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its Association With the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Hormone and Metabolic Research (2018)