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Magnesium Supplementation Affects Metabolic Status and Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Publisher Pubmed



Asemi Z1 ; Karamali M2 ; Jamilian M2 ; Foroozanfard F3 ; Bahmani F1 ; Heidarzadeh Z1 ; Benisikohansal S5 ; Surkan PJ4 ; Esmaillzadeh A5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
  5. 5. Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Published:2015


Abstract

Background: To our knowledge, prior research has not examined the effects of magnesium supplementation on metabolic status and pregnancy outcomes in maternal-child dyads affected by gestational diabetes (GDM). Objective: This study was designed to assess the effects of magnesium supplementation on metabolic status and pregnancy outcomes in magnesium-deficient pregnant women with GDM. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 70 women with GDM. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 250 mg magnesium oxide (n = 35) or a placebo (n = 35) for 6 wk. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after a 6-wk intervention. Results: The change in serum magnesium concentration was greater in women consuming magnesium than in the placebo group (+0.06 ± 0.3 vs. -0.1 ± 0.3 mg/dL, P = 0.02). However, after controlling for baseline magnesium concentrations, the changes in serum magnesium concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. Changes in fasting plasma glucose (-9.7 ± 10.1 vs. +1.8 ± 8.1 mg/dL, P < 0.001), serum insulin concentration (-2.1 ± 6.5 vs. +5.7 ± 10.7 μIU/mL, P = 0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (-0.5 ± 1.3 vs. +1.4 ± 2.3, P < 0.001), homeostasis model of assessment- estimated β-cell function (-4.0 ± 28.7 vs. +22.0 ± 43.8, P = 0.006), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.004 ± 0.021 vs. -0.012 ± 0.015, P = 0.005) in supplemented women were significantly different from those in women in the placebo group. Changes in serum triglycerides (+2.1 ± 63.0 vs. +38.9 ± 37.5 mg/dL, P = 0.005), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (-432.8 ± -521.0 vs. +783.2 ± -470.1 ng/mL, P = 0.03), and plasma malondialdehyde concentrations (20.5 ± 1.6 vs. +0.3 ± 1.2 μmol/L, P = 0.01) were significantly different between the supplemented women and placebo group. Magnesium supplementation resulted in a lower incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia (8.8% vs. 29.4%, P = 0.03) and newborn hospitalization (5.9% vs. 26.5%, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Magnesium supplementation among women with GDM had beneficial effects on metabolic status and pregnancy outcomes. © 2015 American Society for Nutrition.
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