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Estimating Population Attributable Risk Fraction of Determinants of Pediatric Obesity Publisher Pubmed



Yazdi M1 ; Abdollahpour I1 ; Qorbani M2, 3 ; Karimi S1 ; Motlagh ME4, 5 ; Khademian M6 ; Kelishadi R1
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jarib Ave, Isfahan, 8174674419, Iran
  2. 2. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  3. 3. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. MD, Bureau of Family, Population, Youth and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  6. 6. Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: BMC Public Health Published:2025


Abstract

Objectives: Childhood obesity imposes a remarkable socio-economic and health-related burden, with an increasing worldwide trend. We aimed to assess the relationship between modifiable factors and obesity in Iranian children and adolescents along with to determine the population attributable risk fraction (PARF) for the risk factors of obesity in Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: This is a nationwide cross-sectional study involving 14,400 school-aged students. In addition to physical examination, a self-administered questionnaire was completed to obtain the study variables including dietary behavior, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, socioe-conomic status (SES), and passive smoking. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the relationship between modifiable risk factors and obesity. Population attributable risk fractions (PARFs) were used to estimate the prevalence of obesity if demonstrated modifiable risk factors would be removed. Results: Of 14,400 recruited students, data on 12,153 subjects were analyzed in the current study. The mean (SD) age of participants was 12.3 (3.16) years, and 49.1% were female. Overall prevalence of obesity was 10.4%. In total, 33.2% of obesity in Iranian children and adolescents might be attributed to unhealthy dietary habits, moderate or high familial SES, body shape dissatisfaction, and prolonged screen time. Conclusions: Considering the inherent limitations of the cross-sectional studies, our findings suggest that a notable proportion of obesity in children and adolescents might be attributable to unhealthy dietary habits, prolonged screen time as well as higher family SES. These findings may provide insights for planning and optimizing future obesity intervention endeavors. © The Author(s) 2025.
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