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Recent Insights Into the Roles of Circular Rnas in Human Brain Development and Neurologic Diseases Publisher Pubmed



Najafi S1, 12 ; Aghaei Zarch SM2 ; Majidpoor J3 ; Pordel S4, 13 ; Aghamiri S1 ; Fatih Rasul M5 ; Asemani Y6 ; Vakili O7 ; Mohammadi V8 ; Movahedpour A9 ; Arghiani N10, 11
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
  6. 6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
  11. 11. Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  12. 12. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Published:2023


Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs. They are single-stranded RNA transcripts characterized with a closed loop structure making them resistant to degrading enzymes. Recently, circRNAs have been suggested with regulatory roles in gene expression involved in controlling various biological processes. Notably, they have demonstrated abundance, dynamic expression, back-splicing events, and spatiotemporally regulation in the human brain. Accordingly, they are expected to be involved in brain functions and related diseases. Studies in animals and human brain have revealed differential expression of circRNAs in brain compartments. Interestingly, contributing roles of circRNAs in the regulation of central nervous system (CNS) development have been demonstrated in a number of studies. It has been proposed that circRNAs play role in substantial neurological functions like neurotransmitter-associated tasks, neural cells maturation, and functions of synapses. Furthermore, 3 main pathways have been identified in association with circRNAs's host genes including axon guidance, Wnt signaling, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways, which are known to be involved in substantial functions like migration and differentiation of neurons and specification of axons, and thus play role in brain development. In this review, we have an overview to the biogenesis, biological functions of circRNAs, and particularly their roles in human brain development and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's diseases, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and brain tumors. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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