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Small Extracellular Vesicle Tgf-Β in Cancer Progression and Immune Evasion Publisher Pubmed



Hosseini R1 ; Hosseinzadeh N1 ; Asefkabiri L1 ; Akbari A1 ; Ghezelbash B2 ; Sarvnaz H3 ; Akbari ME1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Cancer Gene Therapy Published:2023


Abstract

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a well-known cytokine that controls various processes in normal physiology and disease context. Strong preclinical and clinical literature supports the crucial roles of the TGF-β in several aspects of cancer biology. Recently emerging evidence reveals that the release of TGF-β from tumor/immune/stromal cells in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) plays an important part in tumor development and immune evasion. Hence, this review aims to address the packaging, release, and signaling pathways of TGF-β carried in sEVs (sEV-TGF-β) in cancer, and to explore its underpinning roles in tumor development, growth, progression, metastasis, etc. We also highlight key progresses in deciphering the roles of sEV-TGF-β in subverting anti-tumor immune responses. The paper ends with a focus on the clinical significance of TGF-β carried in sEVs and draws attention to its diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic importance. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
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