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Fabrication of Chitosan/Agarose Scaffolds Containing Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering Applications Publisher Pubmed



Saeedi Garakani S1 ; Khanmohammadi M2 ; Atoufi Z3 ; Kamrava SK4 ; Setayeshmehr M5 ; Alizadeh R4 ; Faghihi F6 ; Bagher Z4 ; Davachi SM7 ; Abbaspourrad A7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Advanced Medical Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  6. 6. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States

Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Published:2020


Abstract

One of the most effective approaches for treatment of cartilage involves the use of porous three-dimensional scaffolds, which are useful for improving not only cellular adhesion but also mechanical properties of the treated tissues. In this study, we manufactured a composite scaffold with optimum properties to imitate nasal cartilage attributes. Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) was used in order to improve the cellular properties of the scaffolds; while, chitosan and agarose were main materials that are used to boost the mechanical and rheological properties of the scaffolds. Furthermore, we explored the effect of the various weight ratios of chitosan, agarose, and ECM on the mechanical and biomedical properties of the composite scaffolds using the Taguchi method. The resulting composites display a range of advantages, including good mechanical strength, porous morphology, partial crystallinity, high swelling ratio, controlled biodegradability rate, and rheological characteristics. Additionally, we performed the cytotoxicity tests to confirm the improvement of the structure and better cell attachments on the scaffolds. Our findings illustrate that the presence of the ECM in chitosan/agarose structure improves the biomedical characteristics of the final scaffold. In addition, we were able to control the mechanical properties and microstructure of the scaffolds by optimizing the polymers' concentration and their resulting interactions. These results present a novel scaffold with simultaneously enhanced mechanical and cellular attributes comparing to the scaffolds without ECM for nasal cartilage tissue engineering applications. © 2019
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