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Evaluation of Cellular Immune Responses in Dogs Immunized With Alum-Precipitated Autoclaved Leishmania Major Along With Bcg and Imiquimod Publisher



Barati M1 ; Mohebali M2 ; Khamesipour A3 ; Bahrami F1 ; Darabi H1 ; Khaze V1 ; Riazirad F1 ; Habibi G4 ; Ajdary S1 ; Alimohammadian MH1
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran

Source: Iranian Journal of Parasitology Published:2021


Abstract

Background: We aimed to investigate the potential effects of BCG and imiquimod on improvement of current experimental L. major vaccine against dogs in an endemic area of Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) in Iran. Methods: During 2012 till 2014, seven mixed-breed shepherd dogs with no anti-Leishmania antibodies and no response to Leishmanin reagent were immunized with 2 doses of alumprecipitated autoclaved L. major (Alum-AML) while BCG and imiquimod (for skin pretreatment) were used as adjuvants. The productions of a few characteristic cytokines of T-helper immune responses and the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) of the immunized animals were then evaluated, up to 300 days. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 80 and 300 d post-vaccination and the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL10, IL-12 and TGF-β cytokines secreted from PBMCs at these time-points were quantified by ELISA. DTH was evaluated by Leishmanin skin test (LST). Results: Although a similar LST conversion was observed at all time-points, the cytokine measurement results indicated significantly higher levels of IFN-γ at day 80 and elevated levels of IL-10 at days 80 and 300, post-vaccination. Moreover, a significantly higher IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio was observed at day 30 post-vaccination compared to the other time-points. Conclusion: Although a Th1-like response could be observed at day 30 post-vaccination, the development of cytokine profiles was inclined toward mixed Th1 and Th2 responses at days 80 and 300 post-vaccination. This situation may indicate the requirement of an additional boosting by this Alum-AML formula, in order to induce long-lasting protection against ZVL. © 2021 Barati et al.
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