Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Optimization by Box–Behnken Design for Environmental Contaminants Removal Using Magnetic Nanocomposite Publisher Pubmed



Buenano L1 ; Ali E2 ; Jafer A3 ; Zaki SH4 ; Hammady FJ5 ; Khayoun Alsaadi SB6 ; Karim MM7 ; Ramadan MF8 ; Omran AA9 ; Alawadi A10, 11, 12 ; Alsalamy A13 ; Kazemi A14
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Facultad de Mecanica, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba, 060155, Ecuador
  2. 2. Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
  3. 3. Department of Radiology and Sonar, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Amarah, Iraq
  4. 4. Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
  5. 5. Department of Medical Engineering, Mazaya University College, Dhi Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
  6. 6. Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
  7. 7. College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
  8. 8. College of Dentistry, Al-Ayen University, Dhi Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
  9. 9. Department of Medical Engineering, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
  10. 10. College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Najaf, Najaf, Iraq
  11. 11. College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
  12. 12. College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
  13. 13. College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja’afar Al�Sadiq University, Al�Muthanna, Baghdad, 66002, Iraq
  14. 14. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2024


Abstract

In this study, a CoO–Fe2O3/SiO2/TiO2 (CIST) nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized as an adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and copper (Cu) from aqueous environments. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Input parameters included pH (3–10), contact time (10–30 min), adsorbent amount (0.01–0.03 g), and pollutant concentration (20–60 mg L−1). The effects of these parameters on the removal process efficiency were modeled and optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken design (BBD). The RSM-BBD method demonstrated the capability to develop a second-degree polynomial model with high validity (R2˃ 0.99) for the removal process. The optimization results using the RSM-BBD method revealed a removal efficiency of 98.01%, 93.06%, and 88.26% for MB, MG, and Cu, respectively, under optimal conditions. These conditions were a pH of 6, contact time of 10 min, adsorbent amount of 0.025 g, and concentration of 20 mg L−1. The synthesized adsorbent was recovered through five consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles using hydrochloric acid. The results showed an approximately 12% reduction from the first to the seventh cycle. Also, MB, MG, and Cu removal from real water samples in optimal conditions was achieved in the range of 81.69–98.18%. This study demonstrates the potential use of CIST nanocomposite as an accessible and reusable option for removing MB, MG, and Cu pollutants from aquatic environments. © The Author(s) 2024.
Related Docs
1. Optimization of Variables for Cadmium and Copper Removal Using Magnetic Nanocomposite, BMC Chemistry (2025)
2. Application of Box–Behnken Design for Optimizing Parameters of Hexavalent Chromium Removal From Aqueous Solutions Using Fe3o4 Loaded on Activated Carbon Prepared From Alga: Kinetics and Equilibrium Study, Journal of Water Process Engineering (2021)
3. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Removal of Crystal Violet Dye, Cu(Ii), and Cd(Ii) Ions by Magnetic Cofe2o4 Nanoparticles Using Central Composite Design, Alexandria Engineering Journal (2023)
4. Enhanced Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Process Using Magnetic Recoverable of Fe3o4@Gac Towards Furfural Degradation and Mineralization, Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2022)
5. Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin From Aqueous Solutions Using Cellulose-Based Adsorbents Prepared by Sol-Gel Method, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2024)