Inducing Effect of a Soil Myxobacterium Metabolite on Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Derived Stem Cells Publisher



H Parhizkari HAMIDE ; F Mohammadipanah FATEMEH ; M Pourhajibagher MARYAM ; M Hodjat MAHSHID
Source: Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine Published:2025

Abstract

Purpose: In regenerative endodontics, odontogenic inducers are required agents for promoting pulp cell differentiation and mineralization. The positive effects of myxobacteria-produced metabolites on bone marrow stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and specific structural features motivated the evaluation of dental pulp stem cell differentiation into odontoblasts, which was investigated in this study. Methods: The myxobacterial extracellular and cell-bounded metabolites were extracted via liquid–liquid extraction after inoculation into 1/2 H fermentation medium and incubation for secondary metabolite production. A quantitative measurement of calcium deposition and odontoblastic markers expression was carried out, as well as the formation of mineralization nodules with alizarin red was performed at 0.096 and 0.048 μg/ml concentrations. Results: Myxobacterial UTMC 4530 metabolite induced dental pulp stem cell differentiation through enhanced calcium deposition, mineral nodule formation, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) expression. In addition, nontoxic doses of myxobacterial extracts used for stem cell odontogenic did not inhibit the development of oral microbiota representative species. Conclusion: In regenerative endodontics and vital pulp therapy, secondary metabolites of Myxobacterium UTMC 4530 can promote odontogenesis at ultralow concentrations without harming the commensal oral microbiota. Future Perspective: The positive effects of myxobacteria-produced metabolites on bone marrow stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and specific structural features motivated the evaluation of dental pulp stem cell differentiation into odontoblasts. This study could contribute to alternative sources for regenerative dentistry and pulp-capping materials to maintain pulp vitality. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to assess the efficiency of this inductive metabolite for clinical use. Lay Summary: There are over 3.5 billion individuals suffering from oral diseases (such as caries, periodontal disease, and edentulism). Some non-biological alternatives to tooth loss, such as prostheses and implants, have limitations because of soft tissue recession, fractured bridges, inflammation, and infection. Given the important role of odontogenic inducers in human dental pulp cell differentiation and in promoting mineralization in regenerative endodontics, the present study is the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of myxobacteria metabolites in the induction of dental pulp-derived stem cell differentiation into odontoblasts. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.