Can Vitamin D Supplementation Affect Cardiometabolic Factors in Children and Adolescence With Overweight and Obesity? a Grade-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Publisher Pubmed



Faghfouri AH ; Mahmoudinezhad M ; Pam P ; Barazandeh S ; Faramarzi F ; Mohammadpour Y ; Musazadeh V ; Gheibi S
Source: BMC Pediatrics Published:2025

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D have been proposed as a supplement to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. However, findings evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese/overweight children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to April 2025 was searched. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic factors including anthropometric indices, glycemic state and lipid profile. Data were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Nine studies with 440 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation no significantly improved BMI, BMI-Z, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, TG, TC, and LDL-C. However, it was accompanied with a significant reduction in HDL-C level. Subgroup-analysis showed that vitamin D2 showed a greater reduction in HOMA-IR compared to vitamin D3, though the effect was statistically significant (WMD = -0.51, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.03; p = 0.038). Conclusions: The current meta-analysis revealed vitamin D supplementation has no favorable effect on cardiometabolic risk factors. More high-quality and large-scale trials are needed to provide more robust evidence. © The Author(s) 2025.