Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Effect of Brewing Time and Water Hardness on Fluoride Release From Different Iranian Teas



Maleki A1 ; Abulmohammadi P1 ; Teymouri P1 ; Zandi S1 ; Daraei H1 ; Mahvi AH2 ; Shahsawari S1
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  2. 2. Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Fluoride Published:2016

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the fluoride concentration in tea leaves of different types of commonly used Iranian tea and the influence of brewing time and water hardness on fluoride release during their infusion. The concentrations of fluoride, phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride were measured, after 3 to 120 min brewing time, in 100 tea samples, including white, green, oolong, and black teas. The daily fluoride intake was also assessed. The fluoride concentration was measured with the ion chromatography method. The results showed that the minimum and maximum concentrations of fluoride in the tea liquor, after 15 min infusion, were 1.46 and 2.9 mg/L in teas made with oolong tea leaf and green tea leaf, respectively. Fluoride release from the tea leaves into the infusion increased significantly with increased brewing time (p<0.05). Fluoride release, after a 15-min brewing time, ranged from 43.7% for green tea bag to 73.5% for black tea leaf. Fluoride extraction was less in hard water. © 2016 The International Society for Fluoride Research Inc.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Daily Fluoride Intake From Iranian Green Tea: Evaluation of Various Flavorings on Fluoride Release, Environmental Health Insights (2016)
2. Fluoride Content of Commercially Available Green Tea in Germany and Assessment of the Non-Carcinogenic Risk, Fluoride (2022)
3. Fluoride Removal From Aqueous Environments by Zncl2-Treated Eucalyptus Leaves As a Natural Adsorbent, Fluoride (2015)
4. Effect of Fluoride in Drinking Water on Birth Height and Weight: An Ecological Study in Kerman Province, Zarand County, Iran, Fluoride (2015)
5. Correlation Between Drinking Water Fluoride and Tsh Hormone by Anns and Anfis, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering (2018)
6. Geochemical Study of Groundwater Conditions With Special Emphasis on Fluoride Concentration, Iran, Desalination and Water Treatment (2016)
7. Determination of Aluminum and Zinc in Infusion Tea Cultivated in North of Iran, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering (2015)
8. Investigation of the Fluoride Content of Edible Salt and the Fluoride Intake From Edible Salt Consumption in Iran, Fluoride (2016)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Mina Aghaei (3)
Mehdi Yaseri (2)
Other Related Docs
9. Application of Nano Aluminum Oxide and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube in Fluoride Removal, Desalination and Water Treatment (2017)
10. Fluoride Level in the Breast Milk in Koohbanan, a City With Endemic Dental Fluorosis, Fluoride (2016)
11. Influence of Selected Anions on Fluoride Removal in Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation, Fluoride (2015)
12. Fluoride Removal From Aqueous Solutions by Cupricoxide Nanoparticles, Fluoride (2016)
13. Determination of Fluoride Biosorption From Aqueous Solutions Using Sargassum Hystrix Algae, Desalination and Water Treatment (2017)
14. Isotherm and Kinetic Studies on Fluoride Biosorption From Aqueous Solution by Using Cuttlebone Obtained From the Persian Gulf, Fluoride (2016)
15. The Effect of Temperature, Water Hardness, and Exposure Time on Fluoride Toxicity in the Aquatic Environment, Fluoride (2015)
16. Fluoride in Drinking Water in 31 Provinces of Iran, Exposure and Health (2016)
17. Determination of Fluoride Biosorption From Aqueous Solutions Using Ziziphus Leaf As an Environmentally Friendly Cost Effective Biosorbent, Fluoride (2018)
18. Hypertension and Fluoride in Drinking Water: Case Study From West Azerbaijan, Iran, Fluoride (2015)
19. Influence of Selected Anions on Fluoride Removal in Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation, Fluoride (2015)
20. Assessment of Human Health Risk for Heavy Metals in Imported Rice and Its Daily Intake in Iran, Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology (2016)
21. Removal of Fluoride From Drinking Water by Freezing Technology, Fluoride (2019)
22. Adsorption of Fluoride From Aqueous Solutions by a Chitosan/Zeolite Composite, Fluoride (2019)
23. The Fluoride and Chloride Ion Levels in the Seawater Along the Northern Part of the Persian Gulf in Bushehr Province, Iran, Fluoride (2017)
24. Fluoride Content of Popular Persian Herbal Distillates, Fluoride (2016)
25. Fluoride and Chloride Levels in Ballast Water in Commercial Ships Entering Bushehr Port on the Persian Gulf, Fluoride (2017)
26. Effect of Er:Yag Laser on Sodium Fluoride Varnish Uptake by Primary Tooth Enamel: An In-Vitro Study, Fluoride (2016)
27. Fluoride Removal From Aqueous Solution by Acid-Treated Clinoptilolite: Isotherm and Kinetic Study, Desalination and Water Treatment (2019)
28. Application of Nanofilter in Removal of Phosphate, Fluoride and Nitrite From Groundwater, Desalination and Water Treatment (2016)
29. The Non-Carcinogenic Risk of Fluoride Via Consumption of Commercially Available Salt in Germany, Fluoride (2022)
30. Cost Effectiveness Ratio in Fluoride Removal From Water Using Electrochemical, Coagulation, and Combined Electro-Coagulation Processes, Desalination and Water Treatment (2020)
31. Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate and Fluoride in Bottled Water: A Case Study of Iran, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021)
32. Fluoride Content of Coconut Water and Its Risk Assessment, Fluoride (2019)
33. Determination of Copper, Nickel and Chromium Contents in Cultivated Tea in North of Iran, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal (2015)
34. Relationship of Fluoride in Drinking Water With Blood Pressure and Essential Hypertension Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (2021)
35. The Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Parameters of the Adsorption of the Fluoride Ion on to Synthetic Nano Sodalite Zeolite, Fluoride (2017)
36. Synthesis and Characterization of Amino-Functionalized Magnetic Nanocomposite (Fe3o4–Nh2) for Fluoride Removal From Aqueous Solution, Desalination and Water Treatment (2017)
37. Fluoride Removal From Aqueous Solution by Almond Shell Activated Carbon, Fluoride (2021)
38. Isothermic and Kinetic Modeling of Fluoride Removal From Water by Means of the Natural Biosorbents Sorghum and Canola, Fluoride (2015)
39. Geographical Analysis of Fluoride and Nitrate and Its Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment Utilizing Monte Carlo Simulation and Gis in Potable Water in Rural Areas of Mathura Region, Uttar Pradesh, Northern India, Heliyon (2024)
40. The Effect of a Calcium Pre-Rinse on the Salivary and Plaque Fluoride and Calcium Concentrations After a 900 Ppm Naf Rinse: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial, Fluoride (2018)
41. Quantitative Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Fluoride, Nitrate and Nitrite Intake From Bottled Water in West-Iranian Consumers, Fluoride (2022)
42. Eggshell Modified With Alum As Low-Cost Sorbent for the Removal of Fluoride From Aquatic Environments: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies, Desalination and Water Treatment (2019)
43. Heavy Metals Determination in Honey Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering (2015)
44. Fluoride Removal From Aqueous Solutions by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Fluoride (2020)
45. Evaluation of Fluoride Uptake in the Enamel of Primary Teeth After Using Different Concentrations of a Green Tea Extract: An In-Vitro Study, Fluoride (2020)
46. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Fluoride Concentrations in Groundwater Resources of Larestan and Gerash Regions in Iran From 2003 to 2010, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (2016)
47. Synthesis of Nanochitosan for the Removal of Fluoride From Aqueous Solutions: A Study of Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics, Fluoride (2017)
48. Co-Application of Coagulation and Electrochemical Processes to Remove Fluoride From Water, Fluoride (2020)