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Influence of Hormones in Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on the Most Important Hormones Publisher Pubmed



Soleimani A1 ; Ezabadi SG2 ; Mohn N3 ; Esfandabadi ZM4 ; Khosravizadeh Z5 ; Skripuletz T3 ; Azimzadeh M6, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  2. 2. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
  4. 4. Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Clinical Research Development Unit, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
  7. 7. Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran

Source: Metabolic Brain Disease Published:2023


Abstract

Hormonal imbalance may be an important factor in the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. In this context, hormone therapy has been shown to have immunoregulatory potential in various experimental approaches. There is increasing evidence of potentially beneficial effects of thyroid, melatonin, and sex hormones in MS models. These hormones may ameliorate the neurological impairment through immunoregulatory and neuroprotective effects, as well as by reducing oxidative stress. Expanding our knowledge of hormone therapy may be an effective step toward identifying additional molecular/cellular pathways in MS disease. In this review, we discuss the role of several important hormones in MS pathogenesis in terms of their effects on immunoregulatory aspects and neuroprotection. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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