The Contribution of Gut-Brain Axis to Development of Neurological Symptoms in Covid-19 Recovered Patients: A Hypothesis and Review of Literature Publisher Pubmed



Vakili K¹ ; Fathi M¹ ; Yaghoobpoor S¹ ; Sayehmiri F¹ ; Nazerian Y² ; Nazerian A³ ; Mohamadkhani A⁴ ; Khodabakhsh P⁵ ; Reus GZ⁶ ; Hajibeygi R⁷ ; Rezaeitavirani M⁸ Show Affiliations
Source: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Published:2022

Abstract

The gut microbiota undergoes significant alterations in response to viral infections, particularly the novel SARS-CoV-2. As impaired gut microbiota can trigger numerous neurological disorders, we suggest that the long-term neurological symptoms of COVID-19 may be related to intestinal microbiota disorders in these patients. Thus, we have gathered available information on how the virus can affect the microbiota of gastrointestinal systems, both in the acute and the recovery phase of the disease, and described several mechanisms through which this gut dysbiosis can lead to long-term neurological disorders, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic fatigue, psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety, and even neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. These mechanisms may be mediated by inflammatory cytokines, as well as certain chemicals such as gastrointestinal hormones (e.g., CCK), neurotransmitters (e.g., 5-HT), etc. (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), and the autonomic nervous system. In addition to the direct influences of the virus, repurposed medications used for COVID-19 patients can also play a role in gut dysbiosis. In conclusion, although there are many dark spots in our current knowledge of the mechanism of COVID-19-related gut-brain axis disturbance, based on available evidence, we can hypothesize that these two phenomena are more than just a coincidence and highly recommend large-scale epidemiologic studies in the future. Copyright © 2022 Vakili, Fathi, Yaghoobpoor, Sayehmiri, Nazerian, Nazerian, Mohamadkhani, Khodabakhsh, Reus, Hajibeygi and Rezaei-Tavirani.