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Enhancing T Cell Infiltration in Glioblastoma: A Review Article on Challenges and Therapeutic Strategies Publisher



Habibi MA ; Nejati N ; Najafi MB ; Khodadadiyan A ; Dashti M ; Lorestani P ; Karimizadeh Z ; Ahmadpour M ; Kalantari A ; Jokarderisi A ; Maghsood F ; Robatjazi B ; Ebrahimi E ; Ahmadpour S Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Habibi MA
  2. Nejati N
  3. Najafi MB
  4. Khodadadiyan A
  5. Dashti M
  6. Lorestani P
  7. Karimizadeh Z
  8. Ahmadpour M
  9. Kalantari A
  10. Jokarderisi A
  11. Maghsood F
  12. Robatjazi B
  13. Ebrahimi E
  14. Ahmadpour S
  15. Tavakolpour S

Source: Cancer Treatment and Research Communications Published:2025


Abstract

This review focuses on enhancing T-cell infiltration in glioblastoma (GBM) while overcoming its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Key strategies include targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to reduce immunosuppression and repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from an M2 (immunosuppressive) phenotype to an M1 (proinflammatory) phenotype to increase T-cell function. Administering chemokines can help attract more effector T cells to the tumor site. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with other treatments can further increase T cell activity. To make immunotherapy more effective in GBM, it is also essential to address the immunosuppressive signals in the TME, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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