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Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water of Khorramabad, Iran Publisher



Mohammadi AA1 ; Zarei A2 ; Majidi S3 ; Ghaderpoury A4 ; Hashempour Y5 ; Saghi MH6 ; Alinejad A7 ; Yousefi M8 ; Hosseingholizadeh N9 ; Ghaderpoori M10, 11
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Health, School of Public Health, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  4. 4. Student Research Committee School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. PhD. Student of Health Education and Promotion, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  11. 11. Nutrition Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

Source: MethodsX Published:2019


Abstract

The continuous urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the world and Iran has led to high levels of heavy metal contamination in the soil and then on the surface and groundwater. In this study, the concentrations of 8 heavy metals were determined in forty water samples along distribution drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran. The ranges of heavy metals in this study were lower than EPA and WHO drinking water recommendations and guidelines and so were acceptable. The mean values of CDItotal of heavy metals concentrations in adults were found in the order of Zn > Ba > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cu > Cd > Mo. The health-risk estimation indicated that total hazard quotient (HQing + HQderm) and hazard index values were below the acceptable limit, representing no non-carcinogenic risk to the residents via oral intake and dermal adsorption of water. Moreover, the results of total risk via ingestion and dermal contact showed that the ingestion was the predominant pathway. This study also presents that the carcinogenic risk for Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni were observed higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10−6). The present study will be quite helpful for both inhabitants in taking protective measures and government officials in reducing heavy metals contamination of urban drinking water. • The data analyzed in this study show a clear situation regarding the quality of drinking water in Khorramabad. • The results of this study can be used to improve and develop the quality of drinking water that directly affects the health of consumers. • The present study will be quite helpful for both inhabitants in taking protective measures and government officials in reducing heavy metals contamination of urban drinking water © 2019 The Author(s)
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