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Efficacy of Nanoparticles in Dose Enhancement With High Dose Rate of Iridium-192 and Cobalt-60 Radionuclide Sources in the Treatment of Cancer: A Systematic Review Publisher Pubmed



Gebremariam TY1, 2, 3 ; Geraily G1, 4 ; Arero AG5, 6 ; Gholami S1, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Aksum University, Axum, Ethiopia
  4. 4. Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  7. 7. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States

Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics Published:2023


Abstract

A key challenge in radiation therapy is to maximize the radiation dose to cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. In recent years, the introduction of remote after-loading technology such as high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy becomes the safest and more precise way of radiation delivery compared to classical low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy. However, the axially symmetric dose distribution of HDR with single channel cylindrical applicator, the physical dead-spacewith multichannel applicators, and shielding material heterogeneities are the main challenges of HDR brachytherapy. Thus, this review aimed to quantitatively evaluate the dose enhancement factor (DEF) produced by high atomic number nanoparticles (NPs) which increases the interaction probability of photons mainly through the photoelectric effect induced in the great number of atoms contained in each nanoparticle. The NPs loaded to the target volume create a local intensification effect on the target tissue that allows imparting the prescribed therapeutic dose using lower fluxes of irradiation and spare the surrounding healthy tissues. An electronic database such as PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was searched to retrieve the required articles. Unpublished articles were also reached by hand from available sources. The dose is increased using the high atomic number of nanoparticle elements under the high dose iridium radionuclide whereas the cobalt-60 radionuclide source did not. However, much work is required to determine the dose distribution outside the target organ or tumor to spare the surrounding healthy tissues for the iridium source and make compressive work to have more data for the cobalt source. © 2023 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.
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