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Smartphone-Integrated Multifunctional Nanozyme-Based Colorimetric Sensor Array for Rapid and Selective Biothiol Detection in Point-Of-Care Applications Publisher



T Tabibi TAHEREH ; K Dashtian KHEIBAR ; R Zaredorabei ROUHOLAH ; M Nejati MOSTAFA ; A Esmaeili AREZO ; M Noroozifar MEISSAM ; K Kerman KAGAN ; M Mahdavic MOHAMMAD
Authors

Source: Chemical Engineering Journal Published:2025


Abstract

The determination of biothiols is important for the diagnosis of a variety of disorders, although their structural similarities create a great challenge. In this work, a novel nanozyme of magnetic CoFe2O4 core with a Co3[Fe(CN)6]2 (CoFeCN) Prussian blue analog shell was developed. This nanozyme exhibits peroxidase-like activity after testing with several chromogenic substrates, for example, TMB, 4-AAP/2,4-DCP, OPD, ABTS and DPD. These interactions allow the fabrication of a 5 × 5 colorimetric array for the detection of N-acetylcysteine, cysteamine, L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, and L-glutathione biothiols. A smartphone-integrated color picker app was used to analyze color changes according to gray values of color channels to enable POCT. It demonstrated a wide detection range from 0.1 to 1000 μM, with a great detection limit of 0.29 μM for N-Acetylcysteine, 0.03 μM for Cysteamine, 1.5 μM for L-Cysteine, 0.15 μM for dithiothreitol and 1.5 μM for L-Glutathione. In addition to that, this sensor array has great selectivity, reproducibility, assay speed, and can be practically applied to biomarker detection in protein-free human serum and plasma samples. Thus, it demonstrates that the integration of a nanozyme-driven colorimetric sensor array and smartphone-based signaling can offer a promising platform for portable and handheld diagnostics in POCT applications. Such a versatile technology, beyond the examples shown here for the detection of biothiols, offers great potential for wide adaptation in various sensing and biosensing applications. This proposed colorimetric assay marks a major step toward improving biothiol detection and health monitoring through POCT systems. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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