Review of the Mechanisms and Effects of Noninvasive Body Contouring Devices on Cellulite and Subcutaneous Fat Publisher



Alizadeh Z^{1, 2} ; Halabchi F^{1, 2} ; Mazaheri R^{1, 2} ; Abolhasani M¹ ; Tabesh M¹ Show Affiliations
Source: International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Published:2016

Abstract

Context: Today, different kinds of non-invasive body contouring modalities, including cryolipolysis, radiofrequency (RF), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are available for reducing the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue or cellulite. Each procedure has distinct mechanisms for stimulating apoptosis or necrosis adipose tissue. In addition to the mentioned techniques, some investigations are underway for analyzing the efficacy of other techniques such as whole body vibration (WBV) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT). In the present review the mechanisms, effects and side effects of the mentioned methods have been discussed. The effect of these devices on cellulite or subcutaneous fat reduction has been assessed. Evidence Acquisition:We searchedpubmed, google scholar and the cochrane databases for systemic reviews, review articles, metaanalysisandrandomized clinical trialsupto February 2015. The keywords were subcutaneous fat, cellulite, obesity, noninvasivebody contouring, cryolipolysis, RF, LLLT, HIFU, ESWT and WBV with full names and abbreviations. Results: We included seven reviews and 66 original articles in the present narrative review. Most of them were applied on normal weight or overweight participants (bodymassindex < 30kg/m2) in both genders with broad range of ages (18 to50 yearsonaverage). In the original articles, the numbers of included methods were: 10 HIFU, 13 RF, 22 cryolipolysis, 11 LLLT, 5 ESWT and 4 WBV therapies. Six of the articles evaluated combination therapies and seven compared the effects of different devices. Conclusions: Some of the noninvasive body contouring devices in animal and human studies such as cryolipolysis, RF, LLLT and HIFU showed statistical significant effects on body contouring, removing unwanted fat and cellulite in some body areas. However, the clinical effects are mild to moderate, for example 2 - 4 cm circumference reduction as a sign of subcutaneous fat reduction during total treatment sessions. Overall, there is no definitive noninvasive treatment method for cellulite. Additionally, due to the methodological differences in the existing evidence, comparing the techniques is difficult. © 2016, Research Institute For Endocrine Sciences and Iran Endocrine Society.