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The Role of Hypoxia in the Tumor Microenvironment and Development of Cancer Stem Cell: A Novel Approach to Developing Treatment Publisher



Emami Nejad A1 ; Najafgholian S2 ; Rostami A3 ; Sistani A4 ; Shojaeifar S5 ; Esparvarinha M6 ; Nedaeinia R7 ; Haghjooy Javanmard S8 ; Taherian M9 ; Ahmadlou M10 ; Salehi R7, 11 ; Sadeghi B12 ; Manian M9, 13
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O.Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Valiasr Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  7. 7. Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  8. 8. Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Sciences Medical of University Arak, Hospital Amiralmomenin, Center Development Research Clinical, Arak, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, 3848176341, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Science Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Imam Khomeini Campus, Farhikhtegan Bld., Shahid J’afari St., Kermanshah, 3848176341, Iran

Source: Cancer Cell International Published:2021


Abstract

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of abnormal blood vessels supplying the tumor. It has been reported that tumor hypoxia can: activate angiogenesis, thereby enhancing invasiveness and risk of metastasis; increase survival of tumor, as well as suppress anti-tumor immunity and hamper the therapeutic response. Hypoxia mediates these effects by several potential mechanisms: altering gene expression, the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of suppressor genes, reducing genomic stability and clonal selection. We have reviewed the effects of hypoxia on tumor biology and the possible strategiesto manage the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting the potential use of cancer stem cells in tumor treatment. © 2021, The Author(s).
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