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Biological and Pharmacological Effects and Nutritional Impact of Phytosterols: A Comprehensive Review Publisher Pubmed



Nattagheshtivani E1, 2 ; Barghchi H2 ; Pahlavani N3, 4 ; Barati M5 ; Amiri Y6 ; Fadel A7 ; Khosravi M2 ; Talebi S2 ; Arzhang P8 ; Ziaei R9 ; Ghavami A9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  3. 3. Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  6. 6. Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  7. 7. School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  8. 8. Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutritional Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Phytotherapy Research Published:2022


Abstract

Phytosterols (PSs), classified into plant sterols and stanols, are bioactive compounds found in foods of plant origin. PSs have been proposed to exert a wide number of pharmacological properties, including the potential to reduce total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and thereby decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Other health-promoting effects of PSs include anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Also, anticancer effects have been strongly suggested, as phytosterol-rich diets may reduce the risk of cancer by 20%. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the available evidence regarding the beneficial physiological and pharmacological activities of PSs, with special emphasis on their therapeutic potential for human health and safety. Also, we will explore the factors that influence the physiologic response to PSs. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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