Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanisms

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Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanisms Publisher

Alexander JS¹ ; Zivadinov R² ; Maghzi AH^{3, 4} ; Ganta VC¹ ; Harris MK⁵ ; Minagar A⁵

Source: Pathophysiology Published:2011

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to be an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disorder of the human central nervous system which usually affects younger adults with certain genetic backgrounds. The causes and cure for MS remain elusive. Based on the recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of MS, it appears to represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with dissimilar pathophysiology and neuropathology. Currently, there is no unifying hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of this complex disease. The three prevailing concepts on the pathogenesis of MS include viral, immunological, and vascular hypotheses. This review presents MS as a neuroinflammatory disease with a significant vascular component and examines the existing evidence for the role of cerebral endothelial cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of this progressive central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorder. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Alexander JS, et al.. "Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanisms." Pathophysiology, vol. 18, no. 1, 2011, pp. 3-12.
APA	Alexander JS, Zivadinov R, Maghzi AH, Ganta VC, Harris MK, Minagar A (2011). Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanisms. Pathophysiology, 18(1), 3-12.
Chicago	Alexander JS, Zivadinov R, Maghzi AH, Ganta VC, Harris MK, Minagar A. "Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanisms." Pathophysiology 18, no. 1 (2011): 3-12.
Harvard	Alexander JS et al. (2011) 'Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanisms', Pathophysiology, 18(1), pp. 3-12.
Vancouver	Alexander JS, Zivadinov R, Maghzi AH, Ganta VC, Harris MK, Minagar A. Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanisms. Pathophysiology. 2011;18(1):3-12.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Alexander JS and Zivadinov R and Maghzi AH and Ganta VC and Harris MK and Minagar A}, title = {Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanisms}, journal = {Pathophysiology}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {3-12}, year = {2011} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Alexander JS AU - Zivadinov R AU - Maghzi AH AU - Ganta VC AU - Harris MK AU - Minagar A TI - Multiple Sclerosis and Cerebral Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanisms JO - Pathophysiology VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 12 PY - 2011 ER -

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