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Nanosuspensions in Ophthalmology: Overcoming Challenges and Enhancing Drug Delivery for Eye Diseases Publisher



Fathikarkan S1, 2 ; Amiri Ramsheh N3 ; Arkaban H4 ; Narooienoori F5 ; Sargazi S6 ; Mirinejad S6 ; Roostaee M7 ; Sargazi S6 ; Barani M9 ; Malahat Shadman S4 ; Althomali RH10 ; Rahman MM11
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, 94531-55166, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, 9414974877, Iran
  3. 3. Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran
  5. 5. Optometry Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75168, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Al Kharj, 11991, Saudi Arabia
  11. 11. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutics Published:2024


Abstract

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in using nanosuspensions for controlled drug delivery in ophthalmology. It highlights the significance of ophthalmic drug delivery due to the prevalence of eye diseases and delves into various aspects of this field. The article explores molecular mechanisms, drugs used, and physiological factors affecting drug absorption. It also addresses challenges in treating both anterior and posterior eye segments and investigates the role of mucus in obstructing micro- and nanosuspensions. Nanosuspensions are presented as a promising approach to enhance drug solubility and absorption, covering formulation, stability, properties, and functionalization. The review discusses the pros and cons of using nanosuspensions for ocular drug delivery and covers their structure, preparation, characterization, and applications. Several graphical representations illustrate their role in treating various eye conditions. Specific drug categories like anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, glucocorticoids, and more are discussed in detail, with relevant studies. The article also addresses current challenges and future directions, emphasizing the need for improved nanosuspension stability and exploring potential technologies. Nanosuspensions have shown substantial potential in advancing ophthalmic drug delivery by enhancing solubility and absorption. This article is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical professionals in this field, offering insights into recent developments, challenges, and future prospects in nanosuspension use for ocular drug delivery. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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