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The Effects of Beetroot and Nitrate Supplementation on Body Composition: A Grade-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher Pubmed



Afrisham R1 ; Farrokhi V2 ; Ghanavati M3 ; Asbaghi O4 ; Mohammadi S5 ; Mohammadian M6 ; Taghvaeiyazdeli T2 ; Safaeikooyshahi S1 ; Jadidi Y1 ; Ashtarylarky D5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
  4. 4. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Source: British Journal of Nutrition Published:2023


Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of beetroot (BR) or nitrate supplements on body composition indices. A systematic search was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCT) published up to August 2022 among online databases including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Embase. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used to assess the heterogeneity of RCT. A total of twelve RCT met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The pooled effect size of included studies indicated that BR or nitrate supplementation did not change body weight (weighted mean differences (WMD): -0·14 kg, 95 % CI -1·22, 1·51; P = 0·836; I2 = 0 %), BMI (WMD: -0·07 kg/m2, 95 % CI -0·19,0·03; P = 0·174, I2 = 0 %), fat mass (WMD: -0·26 kg, 95 % CI -1·51, 0·98; P = 0·677, I2 = 0 %), waist circumference (WMD: -0·28 cm, 95 % CI -2·30, 1·74; P = 0·786, I2 = 0 %), body fat percentage (WMD: 0·18 %, 95 % CI -0·62, 0·99; P = 0·651, I2 = 0 %), fat-free mass (WMD: 0·31 kg, 95 % CI -0·31, 1·94; P = 0·703, I2 = 0 %) and waist-to-hip ratio (WMD: 0, 95 % CI -0·01, 0·02; P = 0·676, I2 = 0 %). Subgroup analyses based on trial duration, BR or nitrate dose, study design, baseline BMI and athletic status (athlete v. non-athlete) demonstrated similar results. Certainty of evidence across outcomes ranged from low to moderate. This meta-analysis study suggests that BR or nitrate supplements cannot efficiently ameliorate body composition indices regardless of supplement dosage, trial duration and athletic status. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society.
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