Sars-Cov-2 Outbreak in Iran: The Dynamics of the Epidemic and Evidence on Two Independent Introductions Publisher Pubmed



Fattahi Z^{1, 2} ; Mohseni M^{1, 2, 3} ; Jalalvand K¹ ; Aghakhani Moghadam F¹ ; Ghaziasadi A^{4, 5} ; Keshavarzi F¹ ; Yavarian J⁴ ; Jafarpour A^{4, 5} ; Mortazavi SE⁶ ; Ghodratpour F¹ ; Behravan H¹ ; Khazeni M^{4, 7} ; Momeni SA⁷ ; Jahanzad I⁸ Show All Authors Show Affiliations
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Published:2022

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been rapidly spreading globally since December 2019, triggering a pandemic, soon after its emergence. While Iran was among the first countries confronted with rapid spread of virus in February 2020, no real-time SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome tracking in early phase of outbreak was performed in the country. To address this issue, we provided 50 whole-genome sequences of viral isolates ascertained from different geographical locations in Iran during March–July 2020. The corresponding analysis on origins, transmission dynamics and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 virus, represented at least two introductions of the virus into the country, constructing two major clusters defined as B.4 and B.1*. The first entry of the virus might have occurred around very late 2019/early 2020, as suggested by the time to the most recent common ancestor, followed by a rapid community transmission that led to dominancy of B.4 lineage in early epidemic till the end of June. Gradually, reduction in dominancy of B.4 occurred possibly as a result of other entries of the virus, followed by surge of B.1* lineages, as of mid-May. Remarkably, variation tracking of the virus indicated the increase in frequency of D614G mutation, along with B.1* lineages, which showed continuity till October 2020. The increase in frequency of D614G mutation and B.1* lineages from mid-May onwards predicts a rapid viral transmission that may push the country into a critical health situation followed by a considerable change in composition of viral lineages circulating in the country. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.