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Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of a Novel Dual Cross-Linked Gelatin-Based Bioadhesive for Hard and Soft Tissues Adhesion Capability Publisher Pubmed



Pirmoradian M1 ; Hooshmand T2 ; Najafi F3 ; Haghbin Nazarpak M4 ; Davaie S1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Source: Biomedical Materials (Bristol) Published:2022


Abstract

Many surgical treatments require a suitable tissue adhesive that maintains its performance in wet conditions and can be applied simultaneously for hard and soft tissues. In the present study, a dual cross-linked tissue adhesive was synthesized by mixing the gelatin methacryloyl (Gel-MA) and gelatin-dopamine conjugate (Gel-Dopa). The setting reaction was based on a photopolymerization process in the presence of a combination of riboflavin and triethanolamine and a chemical cross-linking process attributed to the genipin as a natural cross-linker. Modified gelatin macromolecules were characterized and the best wavelength for free radical generation in the presence of riboflavin was obtained. Tissue adhesives were prepared with 30% hydrogels of Gel-MA and Gel-Dopa with different ratios in distilled water. The gelation occurred in a short time after light irradiation. The chemical, mechanical, physical, and cytotoxicity properties of the tissue adhesives were evaluated. The results showed that despite photopolymerization, chemical crosslinking with genipin played a more critical role in the setting process. Water uptake, degradation behavior, cytotoxicity, and adhesion properties of the adhesives were correlated with the ratio of the components. The SEM images showed a porous structure that could ensure the entry of cells and nutrients into the surgical area. While acceptable properties in most experiments were observed, all features were improved as the Gel-Dopa ratio increased. Also, the obtained hydrogels revealed excellent adhesive properties, particularly with bone even after wet incubation, and it was attributed to the amount of gelatin-dopamine conjugate. From the obtained results, it was concluded that a dual adhesive hydrogel based on gelatin macromolecules could be a good candidate as a tissue adhesive in wet condition. © 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.