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The Pivotal Role of Cd69 in Autoimmunity Publisher Pubmed



Gorabi AM1 ; Hajighasemi S2 ; Kiaie N1 ; Gheibi Hayat SM3 ; Jamialahmadi T4, 5 ; Johnston TP6 ; Sahebkar A7, 8, 9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  4. 4. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  6. 6. Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
  7. 7. Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  9. 9. School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Source: Journal of Autoimmunity Published:2020


Abstract

Autoimmune disorders are outcomes of impaired activity of the immune system regarding the maintenance of tolerance, which results in tissue damage secondary to an excess in the inflammatory response. Under normal conditions, the cells in the adaptive immune system are highly controlled to remain unresponsive against self-antigens (self-Ags) through various mechanisms and during different stages of maturation. CD69 (cluster of differentiation 69), a C–type lectin disulfide–linked homodimer, is expressed on different leukocytes, including newly-activated lymphocytes, certain subtypes of memory T-cells, infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, and regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Cumulative evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has revealed an immunoregulatory role for CD69. This marker has been reported to play a controversial role in chronic human inflammatory disorders. Many investigations have linked the absence of CD69 with a predisposition to inflammatory and/or autoimmune conditions, which indicates an immunoregulatory function for CD69 by mechanisms such as controlling the balance between differentiation of Th/Treg cells and enhancing the suppressive activity of Tregs. However, some reports from human studies have indicated that CD69 may exert a stimulatory effect on the inflammatory response. In this review, we first present a brief summary of the concept of ‘immune tolerance’ and, subsequently, review previous studies to uncover the details that underlie the immunoregulatory effects of CD69. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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