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Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire Assessing Food Group Intake in the Persian Cohort Study Publisher



Eghtesad S1 ; Hekmatdoost A2 ; Faramarzi E3 ; Homayounfar R4, 5 ; Sharafkhah M1 ; Hakimi H6 ; Dehghani A7 ; Moosazadeh M8 ; Mortazavi Z9 ; Pasdar Y10 ; Poustchi H1 ; Willett WC11, 12 ; Malekzadeh R13
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  4. 4. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
  5. 5. Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  7. 7. Centre for Healthcare Data Modeling, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  8. 8. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  9. 9. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  10. 10. Nutritional Sciences Department, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
  12. 12. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
  13. 13. Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Nutrition Published:2023


Abstract

Purpose: A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed for use in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN Cohort), investigating non-communicable disease risk factors. This study aimed to assess the validity and reproducibility of this FFQ, through food group intake. Methods: Participants, recruited from seven PERSIAN cohort centers, completed the FFQ at the beginning of the study (FFQ1) and at the end (FFQ2), with a 12-month interval in between, during which two 24-h dietary recalls (24 h) were completed each month. Correlation coefficients of the median intake of food groups recorded by the FFQs were compared to those of the 24 h to assess validity, and the two FFQs were compared to assess reproducibility of findings. Results: Overall, data from 978 participants were included in this validation analysis. Of the 26 food groups assessed, Tea, Sugars, Whole/Refined Grains, and Solid Fats/Oils, had the strongest correlations (0.6–0.79), while Red Meat, Chicken and Eggs showed moderate correlations (0.42–0.59). The weakest correlations observed belonged to Fresh fruit Juice and Other Meats (0.23–0.32). Reproducibility was assessed among those who completed both FFQ1 and FFQ2 (n = 848), revealing moderate to strong correlations in all food groups, ranging from 0.42 in Legumes to 0.72 in both Sugar and Sweetened Drinks. Conclusion: The PERSIAN Cohort FFQ is appropriate to rank individuals based on food group intake. Copyright © 2023 Eghtesad, Hekmatdoost, Faramarzi, Homayounfar, Sharafkhah, Hakimi, Dehghani, Moosazadeh, Mortazavi, Pasdar, Poustchi, Willett and Malekzadeh.
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