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Human Health Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Various Dairy Products in Iran: A Literature Review Publisher



Massahi T1 ; Omer AK2 ; Habibollahi MH3 ; Mansouri B4 ; Ebrahimzadeh G5 ; Parnoon K1 ; Soleimani H6, 9 ; Sharafi K7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Laboratory Sciences, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
  4. 4. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  9. 9. Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis Published:2024


Abstract

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in dairy products is a growing concern. In Iran, where dairy consumption is integral to daily life, understanding the extent of AFM1 exposure is crucial. This study presents a comprehensive human health risk assessment (HHRA) of AFM1 in six popular dairy products: yogurt, kashk, ice cream, doogh, butter, and tarkhineh through a systematic review. This study used Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the dietary exposure to AFM1 across different age groups. Other HHRA parameters, including liver cancer risk (LCR), hazard index (HI), and margin of exposure (MoE), were also used to explore safety concerns arising from AFM1 contamination. In addition, statistics, uncertainty, and sensitivity analysis for AFM1 in dairy products across various ages were performed. Our findings reveal varying levels of AFM1 contamination, with 67.54% of the products being contaminated with AFM1, of which 12.49% exceeded the regulatory limits set by the European Commission (EC) and Institute of Standards & Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI) regulations. The results highlight the importance of strict monitoring and control measures to minimize AFM1 contamination and mitigate the associated health risks. This research is a valuable resource for food safety authorities and the dairy industry to enhance the safety and quality of dairy products in Iran. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
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