Design Principles of Paper-Based Sensors Publisher



Zb Afrapoli Zoha BABAEI ; A Bigdeli ARAFEH ; S Jafarinejad SOMAYEH ; Am Sahabi Asmau MUKHTAR ; V Shirshahi VAHID
Source: Published:2024

Abstract

This chapter explores the evolution and applications of paper-based optical sensors, focusing on their recognition by the World Health Organization‘s ASSURED concept, which stands for Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid, Robust, and Easily Deliverable. These sensors, often paired with mobile readers, offer cost-effective and user-friendly point-of-care testing, utilizing materials such as plastic and cellulose for enhanced affordability. The incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs), such as quantum dots and gold NPs, increases sensitivity. The dipstick assay, a cornerstone in diagnostics, demonstrates simplicity, versatility, and rapid results, promising endless possibilities in diagnostic testing, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Lateral flow assays and vertical flow assays contribute significantly to portable and user-friendly diagnostic tools, addressing the need for quick analyses in diverse settings. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices have emerged as potent tools studied across medicine, food safety, and the environment, although challenges in sensitivity persist. Ongoing research aims to enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and multiplexing capabilities, presenting solutions for real-world challenges. The chapter concludes by exploring the intricacies of paper-based sensor arrays, highlighting their versatility and practicality in medical diagnostics, environmental analysis, agricultural assessment, and various assays, promising a future where these devices efficiently cater to diverse fields. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.