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Estimation of Vitamin D Intake Based on a Scenario for Fortification of Dairy Products With Vitamin D in a Tehranian Population, Iran Publisher Pubmed



Ejtahed HS1 ; Shabbidar S5 ; Hosseinpanah F2 ; Mirmiran P4 ; Azizi F3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Endocrine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of the American College of Nutrition Published:2016


Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of food fortification practices on vitamin D intake in adults. Design and setting: This was designed as a cross-sectional, population-based study. Subjects: We investigated vitamin D intake in a population-based sample of 5224 adults, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A theoretical model was conducted to evaluate the hypothetical effects of dairy product fortification. Results: Dairy had the highest mean of vitamin D intake among food groups. If all types of milk were fortified by vitamin D (42 IU/100 grams of milk), the mean intake of vitamin D would reach 132 ± 148 (92(180)) IU/day. If both milk and yogurt were fortified to 42 IU/100 g and 89 IU/100 g, respectively, the average mean vitamin D intake from foods in this population would increase from 84 ± 88 IU/day to 308 ± 240 IU/day. As the fortification level increased, the proportions of young people with more than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of vitamin D increased from 1.1% to 77.4% in men and from 1.4% to 80% in women, but none of them achieved the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of vitamin D. Conclusion: The proposed fortification scenario would provide enough vitamin D intakes by RDA in a population aged between 18 and 50 years (about 80% of the population), with none of them achieving ULs. © 2015, © American College of Nutrition Published by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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