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The Potential Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Epilepsy Pathogenesis Publisher Pubmed



Kamali AN1, 2 ; Zian Z3 ; Bautista JM4, 5 ; Hamedifar H1, 2 ; Hosseinkhannazer N6, 7 ; Hosseinzadeh R8 ; Yazdani R9 ; Azizi G10
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  2. 2. CinnaGen Research and Production Co, Alborz, Iran
  3. 3. Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tetouan, Morocco
  4. 4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Madrid, 28040, Spain
  5. 5. Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain
  6. 6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

Source: Endocrine# Metabolic and Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Published:2021


Abstract

Within the pathophysiology of epilepsy, as a chronic brain disorder, the involvement of neuroinflammation has been extensively implied. Recurrent seizures of epilepsy have been associated with elevated levels of immune mediators that seem to play a pivotal role in triggering them. Neurons, glia, and endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) take part in such inflammatory processes by expressing receptors of associated mediators through autocrine and paracrine stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways. In this milieu, elevated cytokine levels in serum and brain tissue have been reported in patients with an epileptic profile. Noteworthy, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are the proinflammatory cytokines mostly associated, in literature, with the pathogenesis of epilepsies. In this review, we examine the function of these cytokines in connection with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) as potential proinflammatory mediators in the neuropathology of epilepsy. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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