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Recent Developments in Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Properties, Synthesis, and Modifications: A Review Publisher



Farjadian F1 ; Abbaspour S2 ; Sadatlu MAA3 ; Mirkiani S4 ; Ghasemi A2, 5 ; Hoseinighahfarokhi M6, 7 ; Mozaffari N8 ; Karimi M9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ; Hamblin MR14, 15, 16
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Engineering and Science, Sharif University of Technology-International Campus, Kish, Iran
  4. 4. Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
  5. 5. Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  7. 7. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  8. 8. Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
  9. 9. Iran Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  12. 12. Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  13. 13. Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, United States
  15. 15. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, United States
  16. 16. Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa

Source: ChemistrySelect Published:2020


Abstract

Graphene was first discovered as a sheet structure mechanically exfoliated from a block of graphite, but in recent years researchers have extended their investigations into this two-dimensional carbon nanostructure. Various applications of graphene-based materials have included electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, and drug / gene delivery systems. These single atom carbon layers have the potential to be formed in different morphologies e. g., quantum dots, nanosheets, and nanoparticles, which can be tailored to achieve new breakthrough innovations. Nowadays, the utilization of graphene-based nanomaterials in medicine is a hot research topic. This review discusses the structure, properties, methods of synthesis, and surface modifications of graphene and graphene oxide divided into covalent and non-covalent approaches. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH