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In Vitro Effect of Graphene Structures As an Osteoinductive Factor in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review Publisher Pubmed



Mohammadrezaei D1 ; Golzar H1 ; Rezai Rad M2, 3 ; Omidi M4 ; Rashedi H1 ; Yazdian F5 ; Khojasteh A2, 6 ; Tayebi L7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  8. 8. Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, United States

Source: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A Published:2018


Abstract

Graphene and its derivatives have been well-known as influential factors in differentiating stem/progenitor cells toward the osteoblastic lineage. However, there have been many controversies in the literature regarding the parameters effect on bone regeneration, including graphene concentration, size, type, dimension, hydrophilicity, functionalization, and composition. This study attempts to produce a comprehensive review regarding the given parameters and their effects on stimulating cell behaviors such as proliferation, viability, attachment and osteogenic differentiation. In this study, a systematic search of MEDLINE database was conducted for in vitro studies on the use of graphene and its derivatives for bone tissue engineering from January 2000 to February 2018, organized according to the PRISMA statement. According to reviewed articles, different graphene derivative, including graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with mass ratio ≤1.5 wt % for all and concentration up to 50 μg/mL for graphene and GO, and 60 μg/mL for RGO, are considered to be safe for most cell types. However, these concentrations highly depend on the types of cells. It was discovered that graphene with lateral size less than 5 µm, along with GO and RGO with lateral dimension less than 1 µm decrease cell viability. In addition, the three-dimensional structure of graphene can promote cell-cell interaction, migration and proliferation. When graphene and its derivatives are incorporated with metals, polymers, and minerals, they frequently show promoted mechanical properties and bioactivity. Last, graphene and its derivatives have been found to increase the surface roughness and porosity, which can highly enhance cell adhesion and differentiation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2284-2343, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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