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Preclinical Assessment of a Recombinant Rbd-Fc Fusion Protein As Sars-Cov-2 Candidate Vaccine Publisher



Dashti N1 ; Golsazshirazi F1 ; Soltanghoraee H2 ; Zarnani AH1, 3 ; Mohammadi M4 ; Imani D1 ; Jedditehrani M5 ; Amiri MM1 ; Shokri F1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

Source: European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Waning immunity and emergence of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlight the need for further research in vaccine development. Methods: A recombinant fusion protein containing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) fused to the human IgG1 Fc (RBD-Fc) was produced in CHO-K1 cells. RBD-Fc was emulsified with four adjuvants to evaluate its immunogenicity. The RBD-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed by ELISA. The virus neutralizing potency of the vaccine was investigated using four neutralization methods. Safety was studied in mice and rabbits, and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) effects were investigated by flow cytometry. Results: RBD-Fc emulsified in Alum induced a high titer of anti-RBD antibodies with remarkable efficacy in neutralizing both pseudotyped and live SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. The neutralization potency dropped significantly in response to the Omicron variant. RBD-Fc induced both TH2 and particularly TH1 immune responses. Histopathologic examinations demonstrated no substantial pathologic changes in different organs. No changes in serum biochemical and hematologic parameters were observed. ADE effect was not observed following immunization with RBD-Fc. Conclusion: RBD-Fc elicits highly robust neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses, with no adverse effects. Therefore, it could be considered a promising and safe subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. © 2024 The Author(s).
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