Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Cytokine Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases Publisher



Sabourian R^{1, 2} ; Mirjalili SZ^{1, 2} ; Rezaei N^{2, 3, 4} Show Affiliations
Source: Translational Autoimmunity: Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases Published:2022

Abstract

Immune checkpoint and cytokine inhibitors are being employed in different conditions including prevention of organ transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, especially in patients who are refractory to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). On the other hand, some potential risks of these agents have to be taken into account: (i) immune responses such as anaphylactic reaction and generation of antibodies against the therapeutic agents, (ii) organ-specific adverse events, and (iii) increase risk of infections and malignancies. In this chapter, clinical trials in phase I/II/III on the safety and efficacy of some immune checkpoint and cytokine inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection are reviewed. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.